A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: Trends, priorities, industrial uses and optimization strategies

Cheng²,

et al. 2018

J Food Biochem

The ongoing expansion of mushroom industries has generated enormous spent mushroom substrate with the potential for production of valuable chemicals. This study aimed to investigate ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of fungal sterols from spent shiitake (Lentinula edodes) substrate (SSS) by response surface methodology. The results showed that three variables, including ultrasonic power, extraction time, and liquid–solid ratio, had considerable influence on the extraction efficiency of total fungal sterols with liquid–solid ratio being highly significant for the process. The optimal UAE conditions included liquid–solid ratio 22 mL/g, ultrasonic power 432 W, and extraction time 16 min for the maximum recovery of fungal sterols (151.62 mg ergosterol equivalents/100 g dry weight) from SSS. Further GC‐MS analysis indicated that the extracts yielded under the optimal conditions contained ergosterol, ergosta‐7,22‐dienol, and β‐sitosterol, in which ergosterol was the most abundant mycosterol. The extracts also showed a comparable antitumor effect against three cancer cell lines. Practical applications Spent mushroom substrate, a major by‐product of mushroom industries, remains a big challenge for the profitability of mushroom industries. Our results indicated that spent shiitake substrate can be valorized by UAE for production of fungal sterols.

Section: Verification Of the Predicted Model And Extraction Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 87%

Valorization of spent shiitake substrate for recovery of antitumor fungal sterols by ultrasound-assisted extraction

Cheng²,

et al. 2018

J Food Biochem

J of Separation Science

“…They are also considered as environmentally friendly techniques [11,21,22]. They are also considered as environmentally friendly techniques [11,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) are modern extraction techniques that require small amount of solvents and samples, as well as provide easy sample preparation and short time of analysis. They are also considered as environmentally friendly techniques [11,21,22]. SFE is useful for the extraction of biologically active compounds (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of sapogenins in morphological Medicago sativa L. parts: Comparison of various extraction techniques

Kiełbasa

Krakowska-Sieprawska

Kowalkowski

et al. 2019

Saponins in plant extracts were indirectly determined by estimation of the content of sapogenins. The first step of determination is extraction with high efficiency. One conventional extraction technique (maceration) and two modern ones (accelerated solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction) were compared. Methanol and ethanol were used as solvents or co-solvents. The results were supported by statistical analysis. Saponins were extracted from leaves, roots, and sprouts of Medicago sativa. Acid hydrolysis, purification, and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector were used. The content of sapogenins was the highest in the roots. Smaller amounts of sapogenins were found in sprouts and the smallest ones in leaves. The main ingredient was medicagenic acid with mean concentration of 621.8 μg/g in roots, 456.7 μg/g in sprouts, and 471.3 μg/g in leaf extract. The highest content of sapogenins in extract was obtained after maceration with methanol; however, this method is nonselective in relation to biologically active compounds. Due to the possibility of using the obtained extracts with sapogenins in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry, the selection of extraction techniques and solvents is a very important aspect. Additionally, the chosen technique should be considered eco-friendly and consistent with the assumptions of "green chemistry." K E Y W O R D Sextraction methods, liquid chromatography, Medigaco sativa, sapogenins, statistical analysis Tenebrio molitor, and Spodoptera littoralis) and nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, Globodera rostochiensis, and Xiphinema index) [15][16][17][18]. Therefore, plant materials especially rich in saponins are searched for because of J Sep Sci 2020;43:671-680.

“…The steam distillation, solvent extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and other modern extraction techniques are still the most common methods for the production of ginger extract. However, these extract methods are associated with some drawbacks such as residual organic solvents, high equipment cost and high operating temperature which results in the degradative changes of the major compounds . The supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction has been studied extensively as an alternative to conventional methods of natural plant extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these extract methods are associated with some drawbacks such as residual organic solvents, high equipment cost and high operating temperature which results in the degradative changes of the major compounds. [9][10][11][12][13] The supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction has been studied extensively as an alternative to conventional methods of natural plant extraction. Various researchers have produced high-yield ginger extract which contains a maximum amount of volatile oil and oleoresin by supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Distillates Purified by Means of Molecular Distillation from Ginger Extract Obtained with Supercritical CO₂ Fluid

Chemistry & Biodiversity

Zhao

Lü

et al. 2019

The ginger extract obtained with supercritical CO2 fluid was purified by molecular distillation (MD), and the chemical compositions, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ginger extract and its distillates were investigated. Analysis revealed that the ginger extract was rich in terpene hydrocarbons, along with oxygenated terpenes and other non‐volatile compounds. The MD distillates were prepared in a series of stages and the active compounds like terpenes and gingerols could be separated by MD. The major compounds of the distillates purified by MD at 40 °C, 80 Pa and 60 °C, 80 Pa were terpene hydrocarbons. Additional distillates obtained by MD at 80 °C, 80 Pa and 100 °C, 60 Pa were predominated by terpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated terpenes. Until the operating conditions of MD reached 150 °C and 2 Pa, some non‐volatile compounds were concentrated in the final distillate. Moreover, antioxidant activities and the cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cells in final MD distillate were superior to other extracts, and this phenomenon could be mainly supported by the phenols. The MD could be used to prepare ginger distillates with better antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.