A COVID-19 T-Cell Response Detection Method Based on a Newly Identified Human CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T Cell Epitope from SARS-CoV-2 — Hubei Province, China, 2021

Zhang, Jie; Lü, Dan; Li, Min; Liu, Maoshun; Yao, Sijia; Zhan, Jianbo; Liu, William J.; Gao, George F.

doi:10.46234/ccdcw2021.258

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In most individuals, the RBD-IgM of S and N proteins was untraceable after 12 weeks. IgG-S/N experienced a decrease and was sustained at high levels in most individuals after 6 months ( 30 , 35 ), and a protective level prevails over a period of 9 months, up to 1 year ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Humoral Immunity During Covid-19 Infection and Recovery Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits variable immunity responses among hosts based on symptom severity. Whether immunity in recovered individuals is effective for avoiding reinfection is poorly understood. Determination of immune memory status against SARS-CoV-2 helps identify reinfection risk and vaccine efficacy. Hence, after recovery from COVID-19, evaluation of protective effectiveness and durable immunity of prior disease could be significant. Recent reports described the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 -specific humoral and cellular responses for more than six months in convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. Given the current evidence, NK cell subpopulations, especially the memory-like NK cell subset, indicate a significant role in determining COVID-19 severity. Still, the information on the long-term NK cell immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection is scant. The evidence from vaccine clinical trials and observational studies indicates that hybrid natural/vaccine immunity to SARS-CoV-2 seems to be notably potent protection. We suggested the combination of plasma therapy from recovered donors and vaccination could be effective. This focused review aims to update the current information regarding immune correlates of COVID-19 recovery to understand better the probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases that may serve as guides for ongoing vaccine strategy improvement.

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Section: Humoral Immunity During Covid-19 Infection and Recovery Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of determining the future dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 circulation, it is critical to clarify how frequently natural infections with SARS-CoV-2 stimulate that level of protection ( 3 ). Evaluating longevity to immunity is needed to understand the effectiveness of immunity acquired by natural infection ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

et al. 2022

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“…responses can serve as a highly sensitive indicator of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and can accurately predict the status and prognosis of COVID-19 patients [14][15][16][17]. Thus, it is essential to conduct a thorough examination of T cell immune properties against SARS-CoV-2, as this may lead to more effective design strategies for antiviral drugs and vaccines [18].…”

Section: Ivyspring International Publishermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing the T cell Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV: Believing the Epitope-Oriented Vaccines

Cui¹,

Wang²,

Tian³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of 2019 stimulated vigorous research efforts in immunology and vaccinology. In addition to innate immune responses, both virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses are of importance for viral clearance. T cell epitopes play a central role in T cell-based immune responses. Herein, we summarized the peptide/major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) structures of the SARS-CoV-2-derived T cell epitopes available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and proposed the challenge and opportunities for using of T cell epitopes in future vaccine development efforts. A total of 27 SARS-CoV-2 related pMHC structures and five complexes with T cell receptors were retrieved. The peptides are mainly distributed on spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), and ORF1ab proteins. Most peptides are conserved among variants of concerns (VOCs) for SARS-CoV-2, except for several mutated peptides located in the S protein. The structures of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complexed with seven epitopes derived from SARS-CoV were also retrieved, which showed a potential cross T cell immunity with SARS-CoV-2. Structural studies of antigenic peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV help to visualize the processes and the mechanisms of cross T cell immunity. T cell epitope-oriented vaccines are potential next-generation vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, which are worthy of further investigation.

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“…For the detection of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 WT (IVDC-HB-01, GIASID: EPI_ISL_402119), 15-to 18-mer peptides with 10 amino acids of overlap were synthesized and covered the full length of S, M, and N proteins, as described previously 3,29 ,. Meanwhile, the RBD peptide pool spanning residues 319-541 of WT S protein was also used.…”

Section: Peptide Poolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated vaccine fueled adaptive immune responses to Omicron in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents

Liu

Zhang

Li³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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For nearly three years, humans have experienced multiple rounds of global transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its variant strains. In addition, the widely used vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 involve multiple strategies of development and inoculation, globally. Thus, the acquired immunity established among humans is quite complicated, and there is still a lack of understanding within a panoramic vision. Here, we provide the special characteristics of the cellular and humoral immune responses in 2-year convalescents after the inoculation of inactivated vaccine, in parallel to vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons and unvaccinated controls. The decreasing trends of the IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies (NAb), but not IgM of the convalescents were reversed by the vaccination. Both cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescents after vaccination were higher than the vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons. Notably, the inoculation of inactivated vaccine fueled the NAb to Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in the 2-year convalescents, much higher than the NAb during 6 months and 1 year after symptoms onset. And no obvious T cell escaping to the S protein was observed after the inoculation in the 2-year convalescents. The study provides insight into the complicated features of acquired immunity of humans to SARS-CoV-2 and variants in the real world, and indicated that promoting vaccine inoculation is an essential way to achieve herd immunity against emerging viral variants for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including the convalescents.

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A COVID-19 T-Cell Response Detection Method Based on a Newly Identified Human CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Epitope from SARS-CoV-2 — Hubei Province, China, 2021

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

An Update on Protective Effectiveness of Immune Responses After Recovery From COVID-19

Seeing the T cell Immunity of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV: Believing the Epitope-Oriented Vaccines

Inactivated vaccine fueled adaptive immune responses to Omicron in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents

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