A coupled OD electrochemical ageing & electro-thermal Li-ion modeling approach for HEV/PHEV

A survey of mathematics-based equivalent-circuit and electrochemical battery models for hybrid and electric vehicle simulation

“…Others can be used to simulate a stand-alone battery, including various effects on the model behaviour. References [22,38,39] consider SOC only, [7] considers SOC and SOH, while [8] considers SOC, SOH, and temperature.…”

“…Since these calculations are usually executed offline on workstations, the stringent requirements of real-time computation are absent, and one can afford to use a more computationally expensive model such as the Li-ion models of [8,10,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], the NiMH models of [7,9,23,33], or the lead-acid models of [23,34,35]. A good comparison of circuit-based models for Li-ion batteries is presented by Hu et al in [36].…”

“…The Thévenin models of [13,23,24,26,33] and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) models of [7,8,22,[37][38][39] are good examples of these. For high frequency switching, a greater number of resistor-capacitor (RC) pairs are necessary to better approximate the short time behaviour of the battery [23].…”

“…Bhangu et al [15] use a circuit model with an EKF to determine SOH by measuring the change in bulk capacitance. Prada et al [7,8] use EIS and an electrochemical ageing model to measure degradation. Troltzsch et al [42] use a multi-frequency EIS approach with battery model parameter identification to match battery ageing with changes in model parameters.…”

An advanced electro-thermal cycle-lifetime estimation model for LiFePO<inf>4</inf> batteries

“…In order to investigate the electro-thermal effect in LiFePO 4 battery cell, the heat transfer and energy balance inside battery cell are investigated [10]. The law of heat conduction states that the heat loss rate of an object is proportional to the thermal gradient between ambient temperature and object temperature.…”