A coupled hydrological-plant growth model for simulating the effect of elevated CO 2 on a temperate grassland

Response of maize biomass and soil water fluxes on elevated CO2 and drought—From field experiments to process‐based simulations

“…Further information of the coupled hydrological-plant growth model CMF-PMF is available in Kellner et al (2017). Running the coupled model, PMF calculated the evapotranspiration and the biomass accumulation including leaf development on time step t, taking into account the states of CMF at the prior time step t − 1.…”

“…For describing the effect of eCO 2 on net assimilation, Goudriaan, Laar, Keulen, and Louwerse (1984) presented a simple response function. The study by Kellner et al (2017) revealed values for b < 0.3 for a C3 grassland using long-term FACE data. In this function, a response factor b, which controls the change in rue CO 2 under eCO 2 , was reported to be 0.8 for C3 plants and 0.4 for C4 plants.…”

“…These effects were implemented in the EPIC model using a simple linear response function with a response factor p = 0.4, to account for the 40% change in the stomatal resistance of plants (Stöckle, Williams, Rosenberg, & Jones, 1992). In a recent study, where the CO 2 effect on C3 grassland was analyzed by the use of a coupled hydrological-plant growth model and long-term data of a FACE experiment on C3 grass, p led to best results when p = 0.3 (Kellner et al, 2017). In a recent study, where the CO 2 effect on C3 grassland was analyzed by the use of a coupled hydrological-plant growth model and long-term data of a FACE experiment on C3 grass, p led to best results when p = 0.3 (Kellner et al, 2017).…”

Incremental model breakdown to assess the multi-hypotheses problem

“…Also, the current implementation of the canopy in CMF assumes a fixed canopy storage for the whole year. A more realistic approach should be implemented for future applications, as was for example realized in plot scale CMF application coupled to plant growth models for winter wheat (Houska et al, 2014) and perennial grassland (Kellner et al, 2017).…”

“…It 15 can be used for subsurface and surface water fluxes, surface-atmosphere exchange and solute transport. So far, it has been applied in studies to better understand hydrological processes (Holländer et al, 2009;Maier et al, 2017;Orlowski et al, 2016;Windhorst et al, 2014), to simulate solute transport (Djabelkhir et al, 2017;Kraft et al, 2010) and to capture hydrological lateral and vertical transport processes in coupled complex ecosystem models (Haas et al, 2013;Houska et al, 2014Houska et al, , 2017Kellner et al, 2017). 20…”