A counterpart’s feminine face signals cooperativeness and encourages negotiators to compete

Gladstone, Eric; O’Connor, Kathleen M.

doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.05.001

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Indeed, symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism all show correlations between each other [28,48], though they do contribute independently to perceived attractiveness [49][50][51]. This combination of sensitivity and ability to establish causation has seen the technique applied in a significant number of studies that make claims about the mechanisms of attractiveness perceptions, from basic properties through to various contextual scenarios [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Two-alternative Forced Choice Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Bases of Beauty Revisited: The Effect of Symmetry, Averageness, and Sexual Dimorphism on Female Facial Attractiveness

Jones

Jaeger

2019

Symmetry

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The factors influencing human female facial attractiveness—symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism—have been extensively studied. However, recent studies, using improved methodologies, have called into question their evolutionary utility and links with life history. The current studies use a range of approaches to quantify how important these factors actually are in perceiving attractiveness, through the use of novel statistical analyses and by addressing methodological weaknesses in the literature. Study One examines how manipulations of symmetry, averageness, femininity, and masculinity affect attractiveness using a two-alternative forced choice task, finding that increased masculinity and also femininity decrease attractiveness, compared to unmanipulated faces. Symmetry and averageness yielded a small and large effect, respectively. Study Two utilises a naturalistic ratings paradigm, finding similar effects of averageness and masculinity as Study One but no effects of symmetry and femininity on attractiveness. Study Three applies geometric face measurements of the factors and a random forest machine learning algorithm to predict perceived attractiveness, finding that shape averageness, dimorphism, and skin texture symmetry are useful features capable of relatively accurate predictions, while shape symmetry is uninformative. However, the factors do not explain as much variance in attractiveness as the literature suggests. The implications for future research on attractiveness are discussed.

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Section: Two-alternative Forced Choice Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Bases of Beauty Revisited: The Effect of Symmetry, Averageness, and Sexual Dimorphism on Female Facial Attractiveness

Jones

Jaeger

2019

Symmetry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism all show correlations between each other [28,51], though they do contribute independently to perceived attractiveness [52][53][54]. This combination of sensitivity and ability to establish causation has seen the technique applied in a significant number of studies that make claims about the mechanisms of attractiveness perceptions, from basic properties through to various contextual scenarios [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Two-alternative Forced Choice Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological bases of beauty revisited: The effect of symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism on female facial attractiveness

Jones¹,

Jaeger²

2019

Preprint

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The theoretical factors influencing human female facial attractiveness – symmetry, averageness,and sexual dimorphism – have been extensively studied. However, through improved methodologies, recent studies have called into question their links with life history and evolutionary utility. The current study uses a range of statistical and methodological approaches to quantify how important these factors actually are in perceiving attractiveness, through the use of novel analyses and by addressing methodological weaknesses inherent in the literature. Study One examines how manipulations of symmetry, averageness, femininity, and masculinity affect attractiveness using a two-alternative forced choice task, revealing that increased masculinity is unattractive, but increased femininity is not, and large effects observed for averageness. Study Two utilises a naturalistic ratings paradigm, finding similar effects of averageness and masculinity, but no effects of femininity and symmetry on attractiveness. Study Three applies a random forest machine learning algorithm and geometric measurements of the factors from faces to predict perceived attractiveness, finding that averageness and dimorphism are useful features capable of relatively accurate predictions. However, the factors do not explain as much variance in attractiveness as the wider literature suggests. Implications for future research on attractiveness are discussed.

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“…Moreover, research on intergroup negotiation has typically focused on situational characteristics associated with the negotiation task (e.g., Mannix et al, 1989 ; Mannix, 1993 ), team members (e.g., Peterson and Thompson, 1997 ; Beersma and De Dreu, 1999 ; Gelfand and Realo, 1999 ; Schei and Rognes, 2005 ), or both (e.g., Weingart et al, 1993 ; Ten Velden et al, 2007 ). With the exception of negotiator sex ( Kray and Thompson, 2004 ; Gladstone and O’Connor, 2014 ), few studies have aimed to identify relatively stable characteristics of negotiators that may influence negotiation outcomes. The present study therefore makes a novel contribution by examining whether the largely static characteristic of the FWHR influences negotiations at the intergroup level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Predicts Intergroup Negotiation Outcomes

Tang

et al. 2018

Front. Psychol.

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Past studies have found that the facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is associated with a range of traits and behaviors that are possibly important to dyadic negotiations. However, it is unknown whether the FWHR would have an impact on intergroup negotiations, which happen frequently and often have higher stakes in the real world. To examine this question, in the current study, we randomly assigned 1,337 Chinese business executives into 288 groups and they completed a multi-issue negotiation exercise against each other. Results showed that groups with larger maximum individual FWHRs achieved objectively better negotiation outcomes. We conclude that groups containing individuals with relatively large FWHRs can claim more value in negotiations between groups.

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A counterpart’s feminine face signals cooperativeness and encourages negotiators to compete

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

Biological Bases of Beauty Revisited: The Effect of Symmetry, Averageness, and Sexual Dimorphism on Female Facial Attractiveness

Biological Bases of Beauty Revisited: The Effect of Symmetry, Averageness, and Sexual Dimorphism on Female Facial Attractiveness

Biological bases of beauty revisited: The effect of symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism on female facial attractiveness

Group Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Predicts Intergroup Negotiation Outcomes

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