A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the First Federally Funded Antismoking Campaign

Abstract

Background In 2012, CDC launched the first federally funded national mass media antismoking campaign. The Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign resulted in a 12% relative increase in population-level quit attempts. Purpose Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in 2013 to evaluate Tips from a funding agency’s perspective. Methods Estimates of sustained cessations; premature deaths averted; undiscounted life years (LYs) saved; and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained by Tips were estimated. Results Tips saved about 179,099 QALYs and prevented 17,109 premature deaths in the U.S. With the campaign cost of roughly $48 million, Tips spent approximately $480 per quitter, $2,819 per premature death averted, $393 per LY saved, and $268 per QALY gained. Conclusions Tips was not only successful at reducing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality but also was a highly cost-effective mass media intervention.

Increasing the dose of television advertising in a national antismoking media campaign: results from a randomised field trial

“…Future research and economic modelling34 may be useful to further hone the application of these findings to future campaigns. Because we focused solely on cigarettes, evaluation of future campaigns that include other tobacco products may be useful.…”

Model‐based economic evaluations in smoking cessation and their transferability to new contexts: a systematic review

“…Several studies evaluated wider tobacco control interventions 39, 44, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, whereas five studies included both smoking cessation programmes and tobacco control interventions 89, 90, 91, 92, 93.…”

“…In total, 23 of 64 studies reported QALY as their main outcome 5, 35, 38, 40, 41, 47, 48, 49, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 65, 69, 70, 76, 78, 81, 86, 88, 94, followed by life years (LY) gained ( n  = nine of 64) 33, 43, 46, 66, 67, 68, 73, 74, 89 or a combination of these ( n  = 12 of 64) 4, 6, 35, 36, 37, 39, 42, 44, 57, 77, 80, 83. Five of 64 studies reported disability adjusted life years (DALY) as their main outcome 60, 82, 90, 91, 92, and only four of 64 (incremental) net benefit 52, 53, 55, 71.…”

“…Thirty of 64 studies used a Markov model, 12 of which used a specific type called the benefits of smoking cessation on outcomes (BENESCO) model 4, 5, 36, 37, 48, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65. Decision‐tree models 41, 43, 52, 55, 63, 71, 75, 83, 93, discrete‐event simulations (DES) 45, 54, the chronic disease model (RIVM‐CDM) 44, 81, 88, the tobacco policy model (TPM) 76, 77, the quit benefits model (QBM) 80, the World Health Organization (WHO) model 90, the global health outcomes model (GHO model) 70 and the abstinent‐contingent treatment model (ABT model) 73 were also used. Twelve of 64 studies did not report explicitly the model used, reporting only decision analysis modelling or simulation modelling 39, 50, 51, 66, 69, 72, 74, 78, 86 or limiting the description to only dynamic or static modelling 42, 82, 92.…”

Trends in serious quit attempts in the United States, 2009–14

“…Many factors can affect quit attempts [5], including substantial increases in price and taxation [13], but as noted in the Introduction the last substantial national increase in cigarette prices was during the first half of 2009, limiting changes in price as a simple explanation for the phenomenon. The CDC Tips from Former Smokers (TIPS) campaign started in the first half of 2012, and pre-post analyses of population cohorts has demonstrated that TIPS increases quit efforts [14][15][16][17].…”