A Cost-Effective Technology for Arsenic Removal: Case Study of Zerovalent Iron-Based IIT Bombay Arsenic Filter in West Bengal

Banerji, Tuhin

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-3745-7_11

Cited by 40 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since then, a legitimate scepticism on the efficiency of Fe 0 for water treatment is available within the remediation community [90,91]. This trend still exists despite some success stories both for safe drinking water supply [92][93][94] and groundwater remediation [48][49][50]95]. Eradicating this scepticism will be a gain for the whole scientific community.…”

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eradicating this scepticism will be a gain for the whole scientific community. In particular, the established suitability of commercial iron nails [94] for decentralized safe drinking water supply is presented as a proof of the potential of Fe 0 -based systems to assure universal access to safe drinking water [10,96,97]. The Fe 0 materials tested by Allred [84] were from three different origins and included a carbon reduced iron, a hydrogen reduced iron, a porous iron composite, two scrap iron specimens and three sulfur modified iron (SMI) specimens.…”

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

Ndé-Tchoupé

Lufingo

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Studies were undertaken to determine the reasons why published information regarding the efficiency of metallic iron (Fe 0 ) for water treatment is conflicting and even confusing. The reactivity of eight Fe 0 materials was characterized by Fe dissolution in a dilute solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na 2 -EDTA; 2 mM). Both batch (4 days) and column (100 days) experiments were used. A total of 30 different systems were characterized for the extent of Fe release in EDTA. The effects of Fe 0 type (granular iron, iron nails and steel wool) and pretreatment procedure (socking in acetone, EDTA, H 2 O, HCl and NaCl for 17 h) were assessed. The results roughly show an increased iron dissolution with increasing reactive sites (decreasing particle size: wool > filings > nails), but there were large differences between materials from the same group. The main output of this work is that available results are hardly comparable as they were achieved under very different experimental conditions. A conceptual framework is presented for future research directed towards a more processed understanding.Sustainability 2019, 11, 671 2 of 20 organic [27,28], fluoride [29][30][31], heavy metals [32,33], nitrate [34,35], pathogens [36][37][38] and radionuclides [32,39]. The desalination of water using Fe 0 has also been reported [40][41][42][43]. The two key advantages of Fe 0 are its affordability and its universal availability (iron nails, scrap iron and steel wool) [9,10,44,45]. It is commonly reported that the major drawback of Fe 0 -based technologies for water treatment is the low intrinsic reactivity of granular materials [28,33,46]. This situation is said to be aggravated by the inherent generation of an oxide scale at the Fe 0 surface (passivation). Countermeasures to overcome Fe 0 passivation were recently reviewed by Guan et al. [28] and further discussed by Noubactep [47]. It is recalled that, considering passivation as a "curse" contradicts the evidence that Fe 0 -based subsurface permeable barriers have been successfully working for more than one decade [48][49][50]. On the other hand, increased "passivation" should have occurred in the spongy iron filters in Antwerpen as well [2,19]. Clarifying this contradiction is certainly a progress for the whole Fe 0 technology. Clearly, an understanding of the role of "passivation" in the process of decontamination using Fe 0 should be useful for enhancing the system's efficiency in practice [30,31,47].There is an agreement on the evidence that using Fe 0 for water treatment and environmental remediation is "putting corrosion to use" [51][52][53]. There is otherwise a contradiction on practically any other aspect concerning the Fe 0 /H 2 O system, including the reaction mechanisms and factors determining the long-term efficiency of such systems [9,28,47,[54][55][56][57][58]. A key reason for this is the large variability of experimental conditions used in testing Fe 0 materials [58][59][60][61][62]. The main influencing operational parameter seems to be Fe 0 itself [58,61,63,6...

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Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Batch Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

Ndé-Tchoupé

Lufingo

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…However, today available Fe 0 -ammended filtering systems are based on a more pragmatic approach. Two examples will be given for illustration: the SONO arsenic filter [145][146][147] and the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay (IITB) arsenic filter [148]. It is important to underline here that both filters are not specific for arsenic removal, and would remove Cr VI and other contaminants as well.…”

Section: Application To Water Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Understanding the Mechanism of CrVI Removal in Fe0-Based Filtration Systems

Gheju¹

2018

Water

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Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI ) compounds are used in a variety of industrial applications and, as a result, large quantities of Cr VI have been released into the environment due to inadequate precautionary measures or accidental releases. Cr VI is highly toxic to most living organisms and a known human carcinogen by inhalation route of exposure. Another major issue of concern about Cr VI compounds is their high mobility, which easily leads to contamination of surface waters, soil, and ground waters. In recent years, attention has been focused on the use of metallic iron (Fe 0 ) for the abatement of Cr VI polluted waters. Despite a great deal of research, the mechanisms behind the efficient aqueous Cr VI removal in the presence of Fe 0 (Fe 0 /H 2 O systems) remain deeply controversial. The introduction of the Fe 0 -based filtration technology, at the beginning of 1990s, was coupled with the broad consensus that direct reduction of Cr VI by Fe 0 was followed by co-precipitation of resulted cations (Cr III , Fe III ). This view is still the dominant removal mechanism (reductive-precipitation mechanism) within the Fe 0 remediation industry. An overview on the literature on the Cr geochemistry suggests that the reductive-precipitation theory should never have been adopted. Moreover, recent investigations recalling that a Fe 0 /H 2 O system is an ion-selective one in which electrostatic interactions are of primordial importance is generally overlooked. The present work critically reviews existing knowledge on the Fe 0 /Cr VI /H 2 O and Cr VI /H 2 O systems, and clearly demonstrates that direct reduction with Fe 0 followed by precipitation is not acceptable, under environmental relevant conditions, as the sole/main mechanism of Cr VI removal in the presence of Fe 0 .

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“…Admittedly, some efficient Fe 0 -based remediation systems exist, some even before the 1990s, but they were almost all designed using a pragmatic approach. For example, several household and small community filtration systems were developed using iron nails as reactive materials for arsenic removal [26,27]. However: (i) such filters are not specific for As; and (ii) commercial iron nails differ in their intrinsic reactivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Corrosion: Scientific Heritage in Jeopardy

Noubactep

2018

Sustainability

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Research on the use of metallic iron (Fe 0 ) for environmental remediation and water treatment has taken off during the past three decades. The results achieved have established filtration on Fe 0 packed beds as an efficient technology for water remediation at several scales. However, the further development of Fe 0 -based filtration systems is impaired by the non-professional behavior of scientists who ignore available advances in knowledge. The confusion is overcome when due consideration is given to the fact that revealing state-of-the-art knowledge is a prerequisite to presenting individual achievements.

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A Cost-Effective Technology for Arsenic Removal: Case Study of Zerovalent Iron-Based IIT Bombay Arsenic Filter in West Bengal

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

Progress in Understanding the Mechanism of CrVI Removal in Fe0-Based Filtration Systems

Iron Corrosion: Scientific Heritage in Jeopardy

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