A cost effective approach for developing substrate stable TiO₂nanotube arrays with tuned morphology: a comprehensive study on the role of H₂O₂and anodization potential

Abstract

The figure shows the FESEM image of the self-organized, highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays formed with an anodization potential of 60 V employing 3 vol% of H2O2 in an ethylene glycol electrolyte. The sample exhibited a maximum porosity of 88%.

Formation of grassy TiO2 nanotube thin film by anodisation in peroxide electrolyte for Cr(VI) removal under ultraviolet radiation

“…This resulted in the consolidation of tube walls as opposed to discrete nanotubes. Another observation worth mentioning is the corrosion of the Ti foil at 80 V. As the edges of the foil were severely corroded the colour of the electrolyte changed from colourless to yellowish; a similar observation was also reported by Joseph and Sagayaraj [7].…”

“…This phenomenon can be supported by the reduction of the electrolyte's pH as well as the electrolyte's viscosity during the anodisation process (shown in table 2). Acidic electrolyte can cause chemical etching via equation (7), thinning the tip of the nanotubes as illustrated in figure 2(b).…”

“…In recent years, the use of organic electrolyte (third generation electrolyte) has resulted in the formation of TiO 2 NTs with larger diameters, longer lengths and smoother walls. Glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, N-methylformamide and ethylene glycol (EG) are examples of organic electrolytes commonly used [6][7][8][9]. However, the drawback of the third-generation electrolyte is the lack of oxygen species for oxide formation.…”

“…However, the drawback of the third-generation electrolyte is the lack of oxygen species for oxide formation. Hence, water has been routinely added as an oxygen provider in EG but other sources like KOH [10], NaOH [11], LiOH [11] and H 2 O 2 [7,12,13] have also been investigated. As H 2 O 2 is a powerful oxidant, the oxidation rate is expected to increase in an electrolyte with H 2 O 2 leading to the formation of longer TiO 2 NTs [14] (table 1).…”

Effect of annealing temperature on the characteristic of reduced highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays and their CO gas-sensing performance

“…Among such feasible approaches, the electrochemical anodization method is important for obtaining a TiO 2 nanotube with a vertical selforganized nanotube layer with controllable nano geometry. In addition, the electrochemical anodization method is a relatively low-cost and straightforward process for largescale production [14,19].…”