A cortico-cortical mechanism mediating object-driven grasp in humans

Cattaneo, Luigi; Voss, Martin; Brochier, Thomas; Prabhu, Gita; Wolpert, Daniel M.; Lemon, Roger

doi:10.1073/pnas.0409182102

Cited by 77 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several brain structures have been recently implicated in anticipatory force control including the cerebellum and the frontal and parietal cortices (Imamizu et al 2000(Imamizu et al , 2004Yamamoto et al 2002). A recent study has suggested, in particular, the importance of cortico-cortical projections in producing motor cortical outputs in relation to the properties of an object manipulated by the hand (Cattaneo et al 2005).…”

Section: Maintaining Rotational Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining rotational equilibrium during object manipulation: linear behavior of a highly non-linear system

2005

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We address issues of simultaneous control of the grasping force and the total moment of forces applied to a handheld object during its manipulation. Six young healthy male subjects grasped an instrumented handle and performed its cyclic motion in the vertical direction. The handle allowed for setting different clockwise (negative) or counterclockwise torques. Three movement frequencies: 1, 1.5 and 2 Hz, and five different torques: −1/3, −1/6, 0, 1/6 and 1/3 Nm, were used. The rotational equilibrium was maintained by two means: (1) Concerted changes of the moments produced by the normal and tangential forces, specifically anti-phase changes of the moments during the tasks with zero external torque and in-phase changes during the non-zero-torque tasks, and (2) Redistribution of the normal forces among individual fingers such that the agonist fingers-the fingers that resist external torque-increased the force in phase with the acceleration, while the forces of the antagonist fingers-those that assist the external torque-especially, the fingers with the large moment arms, the index and little fingers, stayed unchanged. The observed effects agree with the principle of superposition-according to which some complex actions, for example, prehension, can be decomposed into elemental actions controlled independently-and the mechanical advantage hypothesis according to which in moment production the fingers are activated in proportion to their moment arms with respect to the axis of rotation. We would like to emphasize the linearity of the observed relations, which was not prescribed by the task mechanics and seems to be produced by specific neural control mechanisms.

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Section: Maintaining Rotational Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining rotational equilibrium during object manipulation: linear behavior of a highly non-linear system

2005

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“…This results in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) whose sizes predict the differential muscle activation required to grasp different objects (Cattaneo et al, 2005). The facilitation is related to grasp preparation, because it is absent when subjects just look at the object, or prepare arbitrary hand movements with equivalent muscle patterns (Cattaneo et al, 2005;Prabhu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corticocortical inputs facilitated by paired-pulse TMS over M1 are thought to include those from PMC activated by visual presentation of graspable objects (Ziemann et al, 1998;di Lazzaro et al, 1999;Cerri et al, 2003;Shimazu et al, 2004;Cattaneo et al, 2005;Prabhu et al, 2007). This results in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) whose sizes predict the differential muscle activation required to grasp different objects (Cattaneo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to examine putative PMC-M1 cortex connections before grasping (Cattaneo et al, 2005;Prabhu et al, 2007). The corticocortical inputs facilitated by paired-pulse TMS over M1 are thought to include those from PMC activated by visual presentation of graspable objects (Ziemann et al, 1998;di Lazzaro et al, 1999;Cerri et al, 2003;Shimazu et al, 2004;Cattaneo et al, 2005;Prabhu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Line Control of Grasping Actions: Object-Specific Motor Facilitation Requires Sustained Visual Input

Prabhu¹,

Lemon²,

Haggard³

2007

J. Neurosci.

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Dorsal stream visual processing is generally considered to underlie visually driven action, but when subjects grasp an object from memory, as visual information is not available, ventral stream characteristics emerge. In this study we use paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the importance of the current visual input during visuomotor grasp. Previously, the amplitude of the paired-pulse motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in hand muscles before movement onset have been shown to predict the subsequent pattern of muscle activity during grasp. Specific facilitation of paired-pulse MEPs may reflect premotor-motor (PMC-M1) cortex connectivity. Here we investigate the paired-pulse MEPs evoked under memory-cued and visually driven conditions before grasping one of two possible target objects (a handle or a disc). All trials began with a delay period of 1200 ms. Then, a TMS pulse served as the cue to reach, grasp and hold the target object for 0.5 s. Total trial length was 5 s. Both objects were continually visible in both conditions, but the way in which the target object was designated differed between conditions. In the memory-cued condition, the target object was illuminated for the first 200 ms of the trial only. In the visually driven condition, the target object was illuminated throughout the 5 s trial. Thus, the conditions differed in whether or not the object to be grasped was designated at the time of movement initiation. We found that the pattern of paired-pulse MEP facilitation matched the pattern of object-specific muscle activity only for the visually driven condition. The results suggest that PMC-M1 connectivity contributes to action selection only when immediate sensory information specifies which action to make.

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“…In general, these studies have revealed a precise pattern of cortical activation that is closely related to the muscles required to grasp a given object [31,7,35]. A few studies have also examined the effect of TMS on the finger forces in the pinch grasp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact forces evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in a multi-finger grasp

Baud-Bovy

Prattichizzo

Rossi

2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool of choice to study the functionality of the corticospinal pathway. In this study, we used single-pulse TMS at different intensities and during different levels of grasping force, to stimulate the hand area of the left primary motor cortex (M1). We measured, the TMS-evoked forces, or motor evoked forces (MEFs) in a multi-fingered three-point grasp in addition of the conventional motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the right forearm and intrinsic hand muscles. This paper aims at presenting the viability of this innovative approach and some preliminary results. The timing (i.e., latencies and peak times), amplitudes and directions of the MEF were analyzed. We found that the TMS evoked synergistic increases of the force magnitudes, akin to those observed when participants voluntarily increased the grip force. The MEF sizes and MEP amplitudes increased with TMS intensity in most cases. The grip force (which measures the overall force involved in the grasp) and the net force (which measures the net effect of all contact forces exerted on the object) seem to be differently affected by single TMS pulses of the motor cortex.

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A cortico-cortical mechanism mediating object-driven grasp in humans

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Maintaining rotational equilibrium during object manipulation: linear behavior of a highly non-linear system

Maintaining rotational equilibrium during object manipulation: linear behavior of a highly non-linear system

On-Line Control of Grasping Actions: Object-Specific Motor Facilitation Requires Sustained Visual Input

Contact forces evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in a multi-finger grasp

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