A cortical–hippocampal system for declarative memory

Eichenbaum, Howard

doi:10.1038/35036213

Cited by 1,478 publications

(1,043 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…A, anterior; P, posterior; L, left; R, right areas through the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways [8]. Also, memory disorders are probably explained by the involvement of amygdalo-hippocampal complexes, which are involved in the Papez circuit [9]. This pattern has been described recently on a population level using perfusion SPECT technique and SPM12 analysis [7], but is now apparent to the naked eye using FDG PET/CT, on an individual level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

FDG-PET/CT Brain Findings in a Patient With Macrophagic Myofasciitis

Gucht¹,

Aoun-Sebaiti

Kauv

et al. 2015

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Brain Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG PET/CT) was performed in a 44-year-old woman with marked cognitive impairment, diffuse myalgias, sensory, memory and visual disorders, and chronic fatigue, presenting with histopathological features of macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) at deltoid muscle biopsy. Cerebromedullary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), electromyography, ophthalmic examination, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. Visual analysis of FDG PET/CT images showed an atypical pattern of hypometabolism, involving symmetrically the occipital cortex, temporal lobes, and limbic system (including in particular amygdalo-hippocampal complexes), and the cerebellum. Posterior cingulate cortex and parietal areas were preserved. This pattern was confirmed by a voxel-based procedure using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) that compared a patient's images to normal reference samples from six healthy subjects with adjustment to age obtained using the same PET/CT camera. These results provide a glucose metabolism substrate for cognitive complaints in patients with long-lasting aluminium hydroxide-induced MMF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

FDG-PET/CT Brain Findings in a Patient With Macrophagic Myofasciitis

Gucht¹,

Aoun-Sebaiti

Kauv

et al. 2015

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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“…This result also supports our hypothesis that the function of the hippocampus is to allow repetition of an item to allow the recovery of entorhinal activity patterns that were present when the item was previously presented. Eichenbaum (2001Eichenbaum ( , 2000 hypothesized that the hippocampus could accomplish many of the functions ascribed to it by forming a "memory space." If the hippocampus could support the rapid development of a stimulus representation that captures the temporal and contextual relationships among stimuli, this representation would presumably be extremely useful in the "flexible re-expression" of memory (Eichenbaum, Otto, & Cohen, 1994;Cohen & Eichenbaum, 1993 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Temporal Context Model in Spatial Navigation and Relational Learning: Toward a Common Explanation of Medial Temporal Lobe Function Across Domains.

Howard¹,

Fotedar²,

Datey³

et al. 2005

Psychological Review

272

334

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The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been studied extensively at all levels of analysis, yet its function remains unclear. Theory regarding the cognitive function of the MTL has centered along 3 themes. Different authors have emphasized the role of the MTL in episodic recall, spatial navigation, or relational memory. Starting with the temporal context model (M. W. Howard and M. J. , a distributed memory model that has been applied to benchmark data from episodic recall tasks, the authors propose that the entorhinal cortex supports a gradually changing representation of temporal context and the hippocampus proper enables retrieval of these contextual states. Simulation studies show this hypothesis explains the firing of place cells in the entorhinal cortex and the behavioral effects of hippocampal lesion in relational memory tasks. These results constitute a first step towards a unified computational theory of MTL function that integrates neurophysiological, neuropsychological and cognitive findings.The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a region that includes the hippocampus proper, the subicular complex and parahippocampal cortical regions, including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal/postrhinal cortices. A great deal of data from neuropsychology (e.g. Eichenbaum & Cohen, 2001;Scoville & Milner, 1957;Squire, 1992) and functional imaging (e.g. Fernandez, Effern, Grunwald, et al., 1999;Stern, Corkin, Gonzalez, et al., 1996;Wagner et al., 1998) has converged on the idea that the MTL is important in learning and memory. In order to bridge the gap between cognition and cellular-level physiology, we need a mechanistic, mesoscopic description of MTL computational function. We already have several successful verbally-formulated theories of the cognitive function of the MTL. These are described in turn in the following subsections. This paper will attempt to draw these multiple verbal theories together into a single computational framework that is consistent with known neurophysiological and neuroanatomical data.

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“…The close proximity of the concept of solidity to associative strength (Eichenbaum, 2000;Kim & Baxter, 2001;McClelland, et al, 1995) and probabilistic learning (Kim & Baxter, 2001;Turke-Brown, et al, 2010) points towards an involvement of the hippocampal cortex, revealed in stronger activity for more solid compared to less solid models (Eichenbaum, 2000;Kim & Baxter, 2001;McClelland, et al, 1995;Turke-Brown, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Functional Neuroanatomymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Statistical learning results from repeated pairing of events, i.e. stimulus familiarity, that has been proposed to be critical in extending the persistence of memory (Eichenbaum, 2000). Concisely, repeated exposure leads to solidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural changes when actions change: Adaptation of strong and weak expectations

Schiffer

Ahlheim

Ulrichs

et al. 2012

Human Brain Mapping

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Repeated experiences with an event create the expectation that subsequent events will expose an analog structure. These spontaneous expectations rely on an internal model of the event that results from learning. But what happens when events change? Do experience-based internal models get adapted instantaneously, or is model adaptation a function of the solidity of, i.e. familiarity with, the corresponding internal model? The present fMRI study investigated the effects of model solidity on model adaptation in an action observation paradigm. Subjects were made acquainted with a set of action movies that displayed an altered script when encountered again in the scanning session. We found model adaptation to result in an attenuation of the premotor-parietal network for action observation. Model solidity was found to modulate activation in the parahippocampal gyrus and the anterior cerebellar lobules, where increased solidity correlated with activity increase. Finally, the comparison between early and late stages of learning indicated an effect of model solidity on adaptation rate. This contrast revealed the involvement of a fronto-mesial network of Brodmann area 10 and the ACC in those states of learning that were signified by high model solidity, no matter if the memorized original or to the altered action model was the more solid component. Findings suggest that the revision of an internal model is dependent on its familiarity. Unwarranted adaptations, but also perseverations may thus be prevented.

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A cortical–hippocampal system for declarative memory

Cited by 1,478 publications

References 93 publications

FDG-PET/CT Brain Findings in a Patient With Macrophagic Myofasciitis

FDG-PET/CT Brain Findings in a Patient With Macrophagic Myofasciitis

The Temporal Context Model in Spatial Navigation and Relational Learning: Toward a Common Explanation of Medial Temporal Lobe Function Across Domains.

Neural changes when actions change: Adaptation of strong and weak expectations

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