A correlation between Schmidt hammer rebound numbers with impact strength index, slake durability index and P-wave velocity

Sharma, Priyaranjan; Khandelwal, Manoj; Singh, T. N.

doi:10.1007/s00531-009-0506-5

Cited by 88 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…H R and UPV values depend on the elastic properties of the rock. H R and UPV values are related to the petrophysical properties of the rock (Kahraman, 2001;Prikryl et al, 2007;Vasconcelos et al, 2007;Fort et al, 2010Fort et al, , 2011Fort et al, , 2013Cerna and Engel, 2011;Sharma et al, 2011), but can be influenced by weathering and erosion. In general, lower UPV and H R values indicate less resistant rocks, which may reflect a higher degree of weathering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does anisotropy in bedrock river granitic outcrops influence pothole genesis and development?

Ortega-Becerril

Gómez-Heras

Fort

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Pothole formation and development may be influenced by joint sets and other heterogeneities within bedrock, as well as by hydraulics. Previous research indicates that most potholes found in rivers of the mountainous Spanish Central System exhibit preferred orientations associated with dominant joints and correlate more strongly with variations in substrate resistance than with hydraulics. Weathering and erosion weaken rock surfaces, which leads to decreased mechanical resistance. We start from the hypothesis that different mechanisms of pothole formation may create around the pothole a distinctive signature in terms of ultrasound pulse velocity and surface hardness. We develop a conceptual model and test it using potholes for which we know the mechanism of formation, demonstrating that the spatial and statistical distributions of dynamical mechanical properties and surface hardness of a pothole may provide insight into its genesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does anisotropy in bedrock river granitic outcrops influence pothole genesis and development?

Ortega-Becerril

Gómez-Heras

Fort

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…2 Laboratory Investigations 2.1 Ultrasonic Testing of the Rock Specimens P-wave velocity is the travel speed of longitudinal (primary) wave in the material; the velocity measurements provide correlation to physical properties in terms of degree of compaction of the material, its density and elastic constants (Singh et al 2004;Sharma and Singh 2008;Sharma et al 2011). A wellcompacted rock generally has high velocity as the all grains are in good contact and waves travel through the solid.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Empirical Correlation of Index Geomechanical Parameters with the Compressional Wave Velocity

2011

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The geomechanical strength of rockmass plays a key role in planning and design of mining and civil construction projects. Determination of geomechanical properties in the field as well as laboratory is time consuming, tedious and a costly affair. In this study, density, slake durability index, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and P-wave velocity tests were conducted on four igneous, six sedimentary and three metamorphic rock varieties. These properties are crucial and used extensively in geotechnical engineering to understand the stability of the structures. The main aim of this study is to determine the various mechanical properties of 13 different rock types in the laboratory and establish a possible and acceptable correlation with P-wave velocity which can be determined in the field as well as laboratory with ease and accuracy. Empirical equations were developed to calculate the density, slake durability index and UCS from P-wave velocities. Strong correlations among P-wave velocity with the physical properties of different rock were established. The relations mainly follow a linear trend. Student's 't' test and 'F' test were performed to ensure proper analysis and validation of the proposed correlations. These correlations can save time and reduce cost during design and planning process as they represent a reliable engineering tool.

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“…The plunger impacts the surface and the mass recoils, and the rebound value of the mass ( R ‐value) is measured either as rebound distance by a sliding pointer (mechanical Schmidt hammer) or electronically as rebound velocity by a sensor (Katz et al ., ; Proceq, ). Schmidt hammer rebound values are generally considered to be obtained fast with a high reproducibility (Poole and Farmer, ; Winkler and Matthews, ), and often correlate well with other geomechnical rock properties such as Young's modulus of elasticity (Katz et al ., ), slake durability index (Sharma et al ., ), p‐wave velocity (Kahraman, ), and uniaxial compressive strength (Buyuksagis and Goktan ). Such comparator testing of different geomechanical parameters in relation to Schmidt R ‐value is typically undertaken in a laboratory on prismatic rock blocks, or NX‐sized (54 mm) core specimens (Buyuksagis and Goktan, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Acoustic Energy Meter (AEM) for rapid geomorphological field assessment of rock hardness: comparison with Schmidt hammer R‐value

Brook

Winkler

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Rapid, field-based assessments of rock hardness are required in a broad range of geomorphological investigations where rock intact strength is important. Several different methods are now available for taking such measurements, in particular the Schmidt hammer, which has seen increasing use in geomorphology in recent decades. This is despite caution from within the engineering literature regarding choice of Schmidt hammer type, normalization of rebound (R-) values, surface micro-roughness, weathering degree and moisture content, and data reduction/analysis procedures. We present a pilot study of the use of an Acoustic Energy Meter (AEM), originally produced, tested and developed within the field of underground mining engineering as a rapid measure of rock surface hardness, and compare it with results from a mechanical N-Type Schmidt hammer. We assess its capabilities across six lithological study sites in southeast Queensland, Australia, in the Greater Brisbane area. Each rock exposure has been recently exposed in the 20th/21st century. Using a 'paired' sampling approach, the AEM G-value shows an inverse relationship with Schmidt hammer R-value. While both devices show variability with lithology, the AEM G-values show less scatter than the Schmidt hammer. We conclude that each device can contribute to useful rock hardness testing in geomorphological research, but the AEM requires further field testing in a range of environments, and in particular on older and naturally-exposed rock surfaces. Future evaluations can extend this pilot study by focusing on sampling procedures, energy sources, and data reduction protocols, within the framework of a comparison study with other rock hardness testing apparatus.

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A correlation between Schmidt hammer rebound numbers with impact strength index, slake durability index and P-wave velocity

Cited by 88 publications

References 15 publications

How does anisotropy in bedrock river granitic outcrops influence pothole genesis and development?

How does anisotropy in bedrock river granitic outcrops influence pothole genesis and development?

An Empirical Correlation of Index Geomechanical Parameters with the Compressional Wave Velocity

Use of the Acoustic Energy Meter (AEM) for rapid geomorphological field assessment of rock hardness: comparison with Schmidt hammer R‐value

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