A Core Logging, Machine Learning and Geostatistical Modeling Interactive Approach for Subsurface Imaging of Lenticular Geobodies in a Clastic Depositional System, SE Pakistan

Ashraf, Umar; Zhang, Hucai; Anees, Aqsa; Mangi, Hassan Nasir; Ali, Muhammad; Zhang, Xiaonan; Imraz, Muhammad; Abbasi, Saiq Shakeel; Abbas, Ayesha; Ullah, Zaheen; Ullah, Jar; Tan, Shucheng

doi:10.1007/s11053-021-09849-x

Cited by 100 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The Nara Canal irrigates the western section of the site is the leading water source for irrigation and drinking purposes. The study zone is bounded by alluvial pledges, primarily composed of silts, sand, and clay of Tertiary rocks [34]. The nature of soil differs significantly from one place to another sand and clay extent all over the study area.…”

Section: Geology and Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.

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Section: Geology and Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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“…2). The sandstone unit present within the formation is suggested to be deposited during sea-level low stand within a shallow marine environment, however, coarse grain deposits were formed on top of the distal sediments of the prior high stand system tract (Berger et al 2009;Ashraf et al 2021). Indian Shield rocks to the eastern side are the source of the Lower Goru Formation, these Shield rocks consist of the Precambrian granites and metamorphic rocks.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indian Shield rocks to the eastern side are the source of the Lower Goru Formation, these Shield rocks consist of the Precambrian granites and metamorphic rocks. The sandstone units showing reservoir characters are a product of different depositional environments, ranging from deltaic, fluvial, barrier bars, shallow marine, and shoreface to offshore depositional environment (Kadri 1995;Krois et al 1998;Ashraf et al 2021). The extensively distributed Cretaceous Sembar Formation acts as source rock in the area (Khalid et al 2014;Yasin et al 2017).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among different authors work the most significant contribution has been made by (Kadri 1995;Robison et al 1999;Zaigham and Mallick 2000;Ahmad et al 2004Ahmad et al , 2010Baig et al, 2016;Yasin et al 2019;Ashraf, et al 2019;Ashraf, et al 2021;Qadri 2019) to study the petroleum prospect stratigraphy and regional tectonic setting of the basin. To date, there are only a few research studies on the diagenetic impacts controlling reservoir characters of the sandstones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of diagenesis on the reservoir quality of the early Cretaceous Lower Goru sandstones in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

Dar

Baiyegunhi

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The sandstone units of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation are significant reservoir for gas, oil, and condensates in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. Even though these sandstones are significant reservoir rocks for hydrocarbon exploration, the diagenetic controls on the reservoir properties of the sandstones are poorly documented. For effective exploration, production, and appraisal of a promising reservoir, the diagenesis and reservoir properties must be comprehensively analyzed first. For this study, core samples from depths of more than 3100 m from the KD-01 well within the central division of the basin have been studied. These sandstones were analyzed using petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic analyses to unravel diagenetic impacts on reservoir properties of the sandstone. Medium to coarse-grained and well-sorted sandstone have been identified during petrographic study. The sandstone are categorized as arkose and lithic arkose. Principal diagenetic events which have resulted in changing the primary characters of the sandstones are compaction, cementation, dissolution, and mineral replacement. The observed diagenetic processes can be grouped into early, burial, and late diagenesis. Chlorite is the dominant diagenetic constituent that occurs as rims, coatings, and replacing grains. The early phase of coating of authigenic chlorite has preserved the primary porosity. The recrystallization of chlorite into chamosite has massively reduced the original pore space because of its bridging structure. The current study reveals that diagenetic processes have altered the original rock properties and reservoir characteristics of the Lower Goru sandstone. These preliminary outcomes of this study have great potential to improve the understanding of diagenetic process and their impact on reservoir properties of the Lower Goru sandstone in the Lower Indus Basin and adjoining areas.

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“…Many contemporary studies have focused on identifying faults using advanced techniques (Riaz et al 2019;Ullah et al 2022). Recent studies have presented a workflow for characterizing faults and fractures using multi-source borehole data (Van Der Voet et al 2020) and multi-attribute analysis (Ashraf et al 2020a(Ashraf et al , 2019(Ashraf et al , 2021. Observations, descriptions, and statistical analysis of outcrops and thin sections in the field are the most direct and effective way to characterize fractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweet spots prediction through fracture genesis using multi-scale geological and geophysical data in the karst reservoirs of Cambrian Longwangmiao Carbonate Formation, Moxi-Gaoshiti area in Sichuan Basin, South China

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Fractures play a vital role in reservoir transformation, but the distribution of faults and fractures is difficult to obtain by observing cores, which ultimately limits the effective development of gas dolomite reservoirs. We propose an integrated method that incorporates thin-section observations, three-dimensional (3D) seismic data, and image logs to interpret the distribution of faults and fractures of Cambrian Longwangmiao Carbonate Formation to predict potential development areas in the Moxi-Gaoshiti area of the Sichuan Basin, South China. Firstly, the faults were well interpreted by using the automatic tracking and 3D visualization technique based on the new seismic combination attribute of symmetry and ant tracking. Secondly, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using the thin sections, paleogeomorphology, and in situ test results to determine the fracture types (corrosion and structural fractures). The results help us to find potential sweet spot zones with good permeabilities, which is of great significance in reducing the risk of water production of drilled wells in the field development.

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A Core Logging, Machine Learning and Geostatistical Modeling Interactive Approach for Subsurface Imaging of Lenticular Geobodies in a Clastic Depositional System, SE Pakistan

Cited by 100 publications

References 50 publications

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

The impact of diagenesis on the reservoir quality of the early Cretaceous Lower Goru sandstones in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

Sweet spots prediction through fracture genesis using multi-scale geological and geophysical data in the karst reservoirs of Cambrian Longwangmiao Carbonate Formation, Moxi-Gaoshiti area in Sichuan Basin, South China

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