“…In this algorithm, each substrate layer may represent different processes (different models, operators, parameters, constraints, repairing functions, etc.). Specifically, in [42] a version of the CRO-SL algorithm was proposed, in which each substrate layer represents a different search procedure, leading to a co-evolution competitive algorithm. This version of the CRO-SL has been successfully tested in different applications and problems such as micro-grid design [43], vibration cancellation in buildings, both with passive models [44], and active models [45], or in the evaluation of novel non-linear search procedures [46].…”