A Copper Silicide Nanofoam Current Collector for Directly Grown Si Nanowire Networks and their Application as Lithium‐Ion Anodes

Aminu, Ibrahim Saana; Geaney, Hugh; Imtiaz, Sumair; Adegoke, Temilade Esther; Kapuria, Nilotpal; Collins, Gearoid A.; Ryan, Kevin M.

doi:10.1002/adfm.202003278

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Except for choosing the flexible materials with Si‐based anode, the designed structure of Si‐based anodes also usually combine with MXene, [ 33,34 ] TiN, [ 35 ] metal oxide, [ 36 ] Cu x Si y , [ 37 ] SiO x , [18b,22,28b,38] Li x Si, [ 39 ] Ni–Sn, [ 40 ] Si 3 N 4 , [ 41 ] SiC, [ 42 ] Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , [ 43 ] ZnO, [ 44 ] zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, [ 45 ] liquid metal, [ 46 ] sulfur fusion yields quasimetallic, [ 47 ] etc. These rigid materials could weaken the expansion of volume while electrode reaction, improve the electrical conductivity and electrode stability of anodes.…”

Section: Efficient Strategies Toward Si Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intermediate single layer of interconnected Cu‐silicide (Cu x Si y ) network, can facilitate high‐density Si nanowire growth with higher areal‐loadings. [ 37 ] As a result, the anode exhibits stable rate capability performance. It is evident that the anode upholds the rate performance with only slight depletion at high current density, retaining reversible capacity greater than ≈750 mAh g −1 at 10 C, respectively.…”

Section: Efficient Strategies Toward Si Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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The electrode materials are the most critical content for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density for electric vehicles and portable electronics. Considering the high abundance, environmental friendliness, low cost, high capacity, and low operation potential of silicon‐based anode, it has been intensively studied as one of the most promising anode materials for high‐energy LIBs. However, the widespread application of silicon anode is impeded by the poor electrical conductivity, large volume variation, and unstable solid–electrolyte interfaces films. In the past decade, significant efforts have been demonstrated to tackle these major challenges toward industrial applications. Herein, the focus is on combining with advanced structure like nanostructure and composite with other materials, exploring various new polymer binders, improving electrolyte, different prelithiation strategies, and Si/graphite design to meet commercialization requirements, particularly summarized the progress on areal capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency, and cost. Finally, the guidelines and trends for practical silicon electrodes are presented based on the recent reports.

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Section: Efficient Strategies Toward Si Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficient Strategies Toward Si Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Specifically, after carefully evaluating the best results of Si‐based materials in half and full cells reported so far in literature, [ 92–95 ] their prospects can be summarized as follows: I) Si materials with bulk, [ 96–99 ] core–shell, [ 100–106 ] porous, [ 107–111 ] sandwich, [ 112–114 ] and nanowire [ 115–118 ] structures are synthesized through a variety of strategies, such as magnesiothermic reduction, solvothermal, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and polymerization. In addition to superior half cell performance, their full cells with conventional LFP and LCO cathodes, high capacity NCM and LiNi x Co y Al z O 2 (NCA, x + y + z = 1) cathodes, as well as high voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LMNO) cathodes have also been developed to balance their cost, energy densities, and lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Based Lithium Ion Battery Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art from Half and Full Cell Viewpoint

Guo

Dong

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been occupying the dominant position in energy storage devices. Over the past 30 years, silicon (Si)‐based materials are the most promising alternatives for graphite as LIB anodes due to their high theoretical capacities and low operating voltages. Nevertheless, their extensive volume changes in battery operation causes the structural collapse of Si‐based electrodes, as well as severe side reactions. In this review, the preparation methods and structure optimizations of Si‐based materials are highlighted, as well as their applications in half and full cells. Meanwhile, the developments of promising electrolytes, binders and separators that match Si‐based electrodes in half and full cells have made great progress. Pre‐lithiation technology has been introduced to compensate for irreversible Li+ consumption during battery operation, thereby improving the energy densities and lifetime of Si‐based full cells. More importantly, almost all related mechanisms of Si‐based electrodes in half and full cells are summarized in detail. It is expected to provide a comprehensive insight on how to develop high‐performance Si‐based full cells. The work can help us understand what happens during the lithiation process, the primary causes of Si‐based half and full cells failure, and strategies to overcome these challenges.

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“…[61,66,67,70] Substitution of planar substrates with 3D substrates can dually improve capacity retention and achievable loading, forming a robust contact with the Si active layer. [30,[71][72][73][74] Pre-synthesis of Cu silicide/oxide templates can exploit the aforementioned electrochemical inactivity of SiCu deposits, behaving as a robust 3D network for high loading Si growth/deposition. [31,[75][76][77] Aminu et al reported high loading Si NW growth on CuSi through the formation of an intermediate CuSi "nanofoam" framework, reaching stable areal capacities of 2 mAh cm −2 after 550 cycles versus Li metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, direct growth of Si on Cu yields electrochemically inactive CuSi compounds. [30][31][32] Alternatively, slurry-based Si electrodes suffer from issues of capacity fade as harsh expansion leads to electrical contact loss with the current collector. [33][34][35] Also, issues of capacity fade are heightened for thicker slurry layers, behaving similarly to bulk Si.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nanowire Nest Structure Comprising Copper Silicide and Silicon Nanowires for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with High Areal Loading

Collins

Kilian

Geaney

et al. 2021

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expansion during charge (300% when fully lithiated). [9][10][11][12][13] The build-up of mechanical stress through expansion of the active layer causes a loss of electrical contact with the non-expanding current collector, exacerbating capacity fade. Nanostructuring can alleviate mechanical stress build-up through smaller particle sizes, structural porosity and void spaces. [9,10] Nanoparticles (NPs), [14][15][16][17] nanowires (NWs), [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and nanotubes (NTs) [26][27][28][29] are the most widely used morphologies, allowing for structural relaxation through shortened diffusion channels, increased porosity and larger surface area to volume ratios.Cu is the optimal current collector for lithium-ion battery anodes, due to its superior electrical conductivity over stainless steel (SS) and other carbon-based substrates. However, direct growth of Si on Cu yields electrochemically inactive CuSi compounds. [30][31][32] Alternatively, slurry-based Si electrodes suffer from issues of capacity fade as harsh expansion leads to electrical contact loss with the current collector. [33][34][35] Also, issues of capacity fade are heightened for thicker slurry layers, behaving similarly to bulk Si. [36,37] Si composites with graphite have gained huge popularity over recent years, synergistically combining the high lithiation capacity of Si with the low cost, stability, and scalability of carbon. [38][39][40][41][42] Graphite incorporation can alleviate instability issues common with Si-rich electrodes. [43,44] Karuppiah et al. demonstrated impressive long-term stability of slurry-based electrodes of Si NWs directly grown on graphite, retaining 87% capacity after 250 cycles versus Li metal. [44] Similarly, Datta et al. found that Si/graphite stability could be further enhanced through amorphous carbon coating, removing direct contact between Si and the electrolyte, and delivering a stable capacity of 660 mAh g −1 . [45] Slurry-based composites allow for high achievable Si loadings while maintaining anode stability. However, thick slurry layers suffer from poor fast-rate performance and inactive slurry additions negatively impact energy density. [46][47][48][49] The incorporation of Si into metallic or carbonbased frameworks like Mxenes, [50,51] graphene, [52,53] CNTs, [54,55] and CNFs [56,57] has allowed considerable improvements in cell stability, although the continued presence of inactive slurry components increases dead weight. Directly grown electrodes offer a multitude of advantages over slurry-based configurations, however, achieving stable performance of high loading binder-free Si electrodes has historically been difficult.High loading (>1.6 mg cm −2 ) of Si nanowires (NWs) is achieved by seeding the growth from a dense array of Cu 15 Si 4 NWs using tin seeds. A one-pot synthetic approach involves the direct growth of CuSi NWs on Cu foil that acts as a textured surface for Sn adhesion and Si NW nucleation. The high achievable Si NW loading is enabled by the high surface area of CuSi NWs and bolst...

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A Copper Silicide Nanofoam Current Collector for Directly Grown Si Nanowire Networks and their Application as Lithium‐Ion Anodes

Cited by 59 publications

References 45 publications

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Challenges and Recent Progress on Silicon‐Based Anode Materials for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Silicon‐Based Lithium Ion Battery Systems: State‐of‐the‐Art from Half and Full Cell Viewpoint

A Nanowire Nest Structure Comprising Copper Silicide and Silicon Nanowires for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with High Areal Loading

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