“…This type of bonding that is the essence of sisterhood" (hooks 1984, 46). Cox (2020) argues "women have responded to mass incarceration by assuming additional, and increasingly pressing, caregiving demands," citing tasks such as caring for and facilitating visitation for biological and non-biological children and aiding in societal re-entry. This study suggests women's emotional and physical labor extends beyond their family and incarcerated loved one to women they share space with during visitation.…”
Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Economic instability experienced by low‐income families amplifies the “constant negotiation of competing interests” (Christian et al. 2006; Cox 2020), forcing women to cut costs on basic necessities. Lexi, a black woman employed as a secretary, detailed her social and economic sacrifices:I make a lot of sacrifices; I take from my own kids.…”
Section: Findings and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Prevailing culture dictated by correctional staff views visitation as a privilege rather than a right (Cox 2020; Comfort 2003), encouraging prison staff to make minimal effort to keep visitors adequately informed of regulations and abrupt rule changes, resulting in the passive exploitation of visiting women's physical and emotional labor to relay basic day‐to‐day information among the visitation population. The institution and its personnel are neither interested nor motivated in providing updated and timely information to the visitation population.…”
Section: Findings and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Personal sacrifices are a common occurrence among women with an incarcerated loved one. Economic instability experienced by low-income families amplifies the "constant negotiation of competing interests" (Christian et al 2006;Cox 2020), forcing women to cut costs on basic necessities. Lexi, a black woman employed as a secretary, detailed her social and economic sacrifices:…”
Section: Barriers: a Marathon Of Hurdlesmentioning
The collateral consequences of incarceration and prison visitation, transcend the boundaries of prison and transform women's lives. Through an intersectional approach, this research uncovers in what capacity degradation and secondary prisonization shape women's lives, and what coping mechanisms women form in response to the difficulties of visitation. Existing research has yet to identify visitors' relationships to one another and how these relationships aid in fostering coping strategies and resilience within the carceral realm. To fill the gaps, I employed qualitative research to explore the process of visitation, processing procedures, challenges of visitation, staff relations, and women's support systems. Findings indicated visitors are subject to an environment of gendered, racist, and classist oppression that varies in degree depending on social heirarchy and status. However, as a manifestation of resilience, women construct coping mechanisms in the form of information and support networks that aid in the dismantling the prevailing culture of scarcity of information and the degradation of free women by prison staff. These marginalized women habitually resist carceral domination through informal interpersonal support systems.
“…This type of bonding that is the essence of sisterhood" (hooks 1984, 46). Cox (2020) argues "women have responded to mass incarceration by assuming additional, and increasingly pressing, caregiving demands," citing tasks such as caring for and facilitating visitation for biological and non-biological children and aiding in societal re-entry. This study suggests women's emotional and physical labor extends beyond their family and incarcerated loved one to women they share space with during visitation.…”
Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Economic instability experienced by low‐income families amplifies the “constant negotiation of competing interests” (Christian et al. 2006; Cox 2020), forcing women to cut costs on basic necessities. Lexi, a black woman employed as a secretary, detailed her social and economic sacrifices:I make a lot of sacrifices; I take from my own kids.…”
Section: Findings and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Prevailing culture dictated by correctional staff views visitation as a privilege rather than a right (Cox 2020; Comfort 2003), encouraging prison staff to make minimal effort to keep visitors adequately informed of regulations and abrupt rule changes, resulting in the passive exploitation of visiting women's physical and emotional labor to relay basic day‐to‐day information among the visitation population. The institution and its personnel are neither interested nor motivated in providing updated and timely information to the visitation population.…”
Section: Findings and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Personal sacrifices are a common occurrence among women with an incarcerated loved one. Economic instability experienced by low-income families amplifies the "constant negotiation of competing interests" (Christian et al 2006;Cox 2020), forcing women to cut costs on basic necessities. Lexi, a black woman employed as a secretary, detailed her social and economic sacrifices:…”
Section: Barriers: a Marathon Of Hurdlesmentioning
The collateral consequences of incarceration and prison visitation, transcend the boundaries of prison and transform women's lives. Through an intersectional approach, this research uncovers in what capacity degradation and secondary prisonization shape women's lives, and what coping mechanisms women form in response to the difficulties of visitation. Existing research has yet to identify visitors' relationships to one another and how these relationships aid in fostering coping strategies and resilience within the carceral realm. To fill the gaps, I employed qualitative research to explore the process of visitation, processing procedures, challenges of visitation, staff relations, and women's support systems. Findings indicated visitors are subject to an environment of gendered, racist, and classist oppression that varies in degree depending on social heirarchy and status. However, as a manifestation of resilience, women construct coping mechanisms in the form of information and support networks that aid in the dismantling the prevailing culture of scarcity of information and the degradation of free women by prison staff. These marginalized women habitually resist carceral domination through informal interpersonal support systems.
“…Here in the UK, there are probably almost as many established criminology lecturers with criminal convictions and prison time who eschew direct identification with CC as there are in the BCC group. Some of their reluctance to align with CC is, at least in part, because of their reservations about the term 'convict' and CC's sometimes cavalier approach to the epistemological and ontological ramifications of using the word 'convict' (Earle, 2018;Warr, 2021;Cox and Malkin, 2023).…”
Section: Notes On Nomenclature 1: For a Critical Consistent And Inclu...mentioning
Responding to an earlier article (Aresti et al, 2023) by two scholars involved in convict criminology at Westminster University and a third from the US, this article mounts a defence of the British Convict Criminology group against the analysis and conclusions of the first article. We argue that convict criminology is diverse and needs to embrace different approaches that correspond to national circumstances, both in prisons and universities. We suggest that far from stagnating, convict criminology in the UK is beginning to thrive and has much to offer critical criminology. This offer is strengthened by adopting critical and convivial academic practice supportive of people’s various efforts and experiences in British prisons and British universities. Our article offers a critical engagement with issues of nomenclature, convictism and coloniality which we believe will be important for an inclusive convict criminology for the future.
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