A converter control field bus protocol for power electronic systems with a synchronization accuracy of ±5ns

Carstensen, Christoph; Christen, R. E.; Vollenweider, Hannes; Stark, Roger; Biela, J.

doi:10.1109/epe.2015.7309146

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Considering the physical link speed (bandwidth of the communication channel) this means a minimum bandwidth of 2 · 90 · (8 + 1) Byte/60 µs = 216 Mbit/s. Note, that this value exceeds limits of the 100 Mbit Ethernet standard and therefore also the implementation in (11) and EtherCAT (10) . Note, that the protocol will add some overhead that further increases minimal bandwidth.…”

Section: Data Exchange Requirements In Modular Converter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…6. In contrast to (11) a simple and accurate determination of a single and global point in time, on which all modules can equally rely, is possible, as explained in the following.…”

Section: Global Reference Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By introducing the same propagation delay on the backward transmission path as on the forward transmission path, the time measured can be divided by two to determine the point in time where the last slave module receives the frame. In contrast to (11) , due to the static frame structure it is known by each slave how much time has to be taken into account until the last slave has completely received its data and CRC bytes. Hence, T valid,i can be stated as…”

Section: Global Reference Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in literature the jitter of the synchronisation signals ranges between ±20 ns (9) and 15 µs (7) . For achieving a more precise synchronisation accuracy of ±5 ns, a basic concept of a daisy-chained field bus protocol is proposed in (11) . It is based on 100 Mbit Ethernet and dedicated physical layer ICs in combination with an FPGA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• A simplified frame structure is proposed, where the amount of received/transmitted data (the frame size) per slave is equal for all slaves and the number of slaves is known a priori. These assumptions lead to a much simpler, more robust and less logic consuming implementation compared to (11) . The delay introduced by the data passing through each slave is also drastically reduced, because all operations on the frame can be performed within one clock cycle and no buffering of multiple frame parts is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Bus for Data Exchange and Control of Modular Power Electronic Systems with High Synchronisation Accuracy of ±4 ns

et al. 2019

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This paper proposes a new field bus protocol based on the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. The protocol enables fast data exchange between the modules and synchronised control in the modules of modular power electronic systems. With increasing switching frequency, a highly accurate synchronisation of the different modules is a necessary requirement for a control bus. The proposed field bus protocol provides a stable and efficient scheme including a novel data frame structure and allows the realisation of a synchronisation accuracy of ±4 ns based on the 1 GBit Ethernet standard. For validation of the new protocol, a prototype system was developed and the measurement results are reported herein. The results show that the implementation satisfies the specifications. Finally, different use-cases and the achievable data rates for the given implementation were derived.

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Section: Data Exchange Requirements In Modular Converter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…6. In contrast to (11) a simple and accurate determination of a single and global point in time, on which all modules can equally rely, is possible, as explained in the following.…”

Section: Global Reference Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Reference Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field Bus for Data Exchange and Control of Modular Power Electronic Systems with High Synchronisation Accuracy of ±4 ns

et al. 2019

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Modelling and stability assessment of the MMC‐HVDC energy interconnected system with the cyber delay of communication network

Cao

Dong

et al. 2021

IET Energy Syst Integration

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Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are favoured in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems because of huge energy transmission capacity and few harmonics. However, the complicated control and the intricate communication network introduce cyber delay that affects the system dynamics. The communication structure is discussed and delay components are studied. The authors derive the MMC-HVDC system model considering the cyber delay effect. Padé approximation is utilised to transform the transcendental characteristic equation of the delay model into an algebraic equation so that the dynamics can be observed through the eigenvalues. The comparison between the established model and the simulation in Simulink validates the proposed model's accuracy. The exact delay margin and the root cause of losing the stability are also discussed. The results show that the model is able to obtain the delay margin with a tiny error caused by the omitted high-order harmonics and the cyber delay destabilises the system by lowering the controller performances. | INTRODUCTION | Motivation and incitementModular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely applied in medium or high-voltage industrial applications (HVDC) [1]. In the MMC-HVDC system, hundreds of sub-modules (SMs) are combined as a strong, flexible equivalent voltage source. The large transmission capacity of MMC-HVDC system enables the power grid to integrate other forms of energy more efficiently. In other words, the MMC-HVDC energy interconnected system is an important element of energy integration. However, it also brings a challenge for the design of control and communication [2,3] and induces serious delay issue, which jeopardises the whole system's dynamics and stability [4,5].Further, to ensure that the control system offers the appropriate control signals of the converters in time, the communication network is designed meticulously.Besides, an appropriate MMC-HVDC system model is required to analyse the system dynamics and stability under the control and cyber delay's effect. | Literature reviewBecause of the practicability and reliability, [6-10] utilised the ring topology in their communication networks. A lot of communication protocols like EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], CAN [13], PROFINET IRT [7] are applied, among which EtherCAT has the best performance [6,8] and is suitable for the ring topology. Distributed control [2,3,13] is a good idea to lighten the computation burden and reduce the information shared inside the system. In the distributed modulation situation, the controller is only in charge of calculating and outputting reference signals. The local control units (LCUs) of SMs thenThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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A hybrid communication topology for modular multilevel converter

Lukic

2018

2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

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A converter control field bus protocol for power electronic systems with a synchronization accuracy of ±5ns

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Field Bus for Data Exchange and Control of Modular Power Electronic Systems with High Synchronisation Accuracy of ±4 ns

Field Bus for Data Exchange and Control of Modular Power Electronic Systems with High Synchronisation Accuracy of ±4 ns

Modelling and stability assessment of the MMC‐HVDC energy interconnected system with the cyber delay of communication network

A hybrid communication topology for modular multilevel converter

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