“…In order to exact this control, several methodologies have been developed which reduce radical concentrations and efficiently exchange dormant chains with reactive radical species in order to minimize bimolecular termination reactions. The nature of the dormant chain differentiates these processes, with nitroxidemediated radical polymerization (NMP) (Hawker et al, 2001;Moad et al, 2008;Shoaeifar et al, 2007) exploiting the reversible cleavage of a nitroxide -carbon bond, thiocarbamates supporting a reversible addition -fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) [Moad et al (2005)] pathway, and ruthenium and copper complexes mediating the exchange of halogen-capped polymer chains through an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) (Matyjaszewski and Xia, 2001;Ouchi et al, 2008;Abbasian et al, 2006;Gheybi et al, 2007;Schellenberg, 2009;Srinate et al, 2009;Abbasian et al, 2007). Together, these processes are termed controlled radical polymerization (CRP) and provide extraordinary control over polymer molecular weight and molecular weight distributions.…”