A Convenient Fluorometric Method to Study Sulfur Mustard–Induced Apoptosis in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Monolayer Microplate Culture

Abstract

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Topical Application of Liposomal Antioxidants for Protection Against CEES Induced Skin Damage

“…As shown in Figure 5, we found that CEES induced activation of caspase 3 was maximal after 12 hours of incubation, which is in agreement with other reports regarding CEES or HD toxicity in human skin cells [18,21,22]. Figure 6C and D, respectively).…”

Sulfur mustard downregulates iNOS expression to inhibit wound healing in a human keratinocyte model

“…In terms of SM concentration and its cellular toxicity used for in vitro studies, Gentilhomme et al [19] showed that SM, bis(beta-chloroethyl) sulfide (BCES), at concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 mM did not affect cellular viability in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Ray et al also reported that SM at the concentrations more than 100 mM caused triggered apoptotic pathway, but SM less that 50 mM did not [20] in the same NHEK model we used in our experiments. The relatively strong eNOS expression did not change during wound healing regardless of SM exposure, indicating that NO production by eNOS is not directly related to inhibition of wound healing.…”

“…Recently, Fitsialos et al identified the proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines such as IL5RA, IL8, IL18, and LIF in NHEK response to scratching using a DNA microarray approach. Those soluble factors have been previously associated not only with wound healing using in vivo and in vitro models [20] and also shown to regulate iNOS expression [21].…”

Bifunctional Alkylating Agent-Induced p53 and Nonclassical Nuclear Factor κB Responses and Cell Death Are Altered by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester: A Potential Role for Antioxidant/Electrophilic Response-Element Signaling

“…Keratinocytes exposed to BFA undergo cell death via an apoptotic-necrotic continuum (Ray et al, 2005). CAPE itself is a known radiosensitizer (Lin et al, 2006) and inducer of apoptosis in a variety of cell lines (Chiao et al, 1995).…”