A Controlled Study of the Safety of Pooled Plasma Stored in the Liquid State at 30–32 C for Six Months

Redeker, A G; Hopkins, Carl E.; Jackson, B. Richard; Peck, Peggy

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1968.tb02396.x

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This became evident in a very thoroughly executed, comprehensive double blind study (with albumin as control) by REDEKER [1164,1638]. He found a total hepatitis frequency of 10%.…”

Section: Fresh Plasmamentioning

confidence: 89%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form withoutwritten permission from Springer-Verlag. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-16845Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1969The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Title-No. 1551 Dedicated to my wife LisaEs wurde fertig in Deiner Hut. Bleib Du mir auf dieser Erden, so 5011 alles fertig werden. THOMAS MANN ForewordThe manifold problems of shock are still of great importance, diagnostic and therapeutic experience of the "severely ill" being supplied with new information almost every month. In the 5 periodicals which have found their way to my desk during the past few days there are no less than 10 interesting articles on questions concerning shock research [see Bibliography 41 b, 53 a, 60 a, 192 a, 242 a, 350 b, 810 a, 941 a, 1069 a, 1082 a]. The most urgent point still is to maintain as complete as possible the objective catalog of the various shock manifestations found in man and in animals -yet at the same time to view interpretations of these phenomena in their relative and temporal "truth".Problems of shock research are not only interesting for their scientific value but also for their clinical implication. In particular, almost every practicing physician is facing problems of blood replacement very frequently. The effective or circulating blood volume remains an important theoretical and therapeutic problem in the shock field. For years, U. F. GRUBER has pursued this question clinically and experimentally. This volume deals with the world literature in an exceptionally thorough manner. This book is made more than a compilation by including a long list of original work done with F. D. MOORE in Boston, in the Surgical Department in Chur, with L. E. GELIN and S. E. BERGENTZ in Goteborg and in the Laboratory for Experimental Surgery in Davos; judgements are made on the basis of original studies, and essential points are separated from unimportant ones. This volume will be welcomed by the medical profession because it carefully treats vital questions concerning this complicated, much-discussed, and in part contested field, considering that today, along with various forms of blood and several plasma preparations, there are more than 40 different plasma replacement substances available with various physico-chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Older preparations have been abandoned, others modified, and new ones appear.A comparative evaluation of the chemical characteristics, the range of indication and the therapeutic effectiveness of these solutions suggests itself particularly at this time because in recent years the use of large amounts of balanced electrolyte solutions tended to reverse the principles of blood replaceme...

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“…This became evident in a very thoroughly executed, comprehensive double blind study (with albumin as control) by REDEKER [1164,1638]. He found a total hepatitis frequency of 10%.…”

Section: Fresh Plasmamentioning

confidence: 89%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

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“…Attempts to inactivate the causative agent of the hepatitis by a variety of chemical and physical treatments failed to find a fully satisfactory method, but ultraviolet radiation or storage at room temperature for at least 6 months was believed to diminish the risk . There was considerable debate about this approach until Redeker and colleagues performed a controlled prospective study of plasma that had been irradiated and stored at room temperature and demonstrated a 10% incidence of hepatitis in recipients of the plasma but no hepatitis in recipients of human albumin that had been heated at 60°C for 10 hours. Based on this study, the Committee on Plasma and Plasma Substitutes of the Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council, recommended that “the use of whole, pooled human plasma be discouraged and even discontinued unless a clear‐cut case can be made for its unique requirements.” We examine herein the markers of hepatitis in commercial pooled NHP from the 1960s.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transfusion‐associated hepatitis before the screening of blood for hepatitis risk factors

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND The true incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis (TAH) before blood screening is unknown. Our aims were to reevaluate blood recipients receiving unscreened blood and analyze hepatitis viruses circulating more than 45 years ago. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Cryopreserved serum samples from 66 patients undergoing open heart surgery in the 1960s were reevaluated with modern diagnostic tests to determine the incidence of TAH and its virologic causes. RESULTS In this heavily transfused population receiving a mean of 20 units per patient of predominantly paid-donor blood, 30 of 66 (45%) developed biochemical evidence of hepatitis; of these, 20 (67%) were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) alone, four (13%) with hepatitis B virus (HBV) alone, and six (20%) with both viruses. Among the 36 patients who did not develop hepatitis, four (11%) were newly infected with HCV alone, nine (25%) with HBV alone, and one (3%) with both viruses. Overall, 100% of patients with hepatitis and 39% of those without hepatitis were infected with HBV and/or HCV; one patient was also infected with hepatitis E virus. The donor carrier rate for HBV and/or HCV was estimated to be more than 6%; contemporaneously prepared pooled normal human plasma was also contaminated with multiple hepatitis viruses. CONCLUSION TAH virus infections were a larger problem than perceived 50 years ago and HCV was the predominant agent transmitted. All hepatitis cases could be attributed to HCV and/or HBV and hence there was no evidence to suggest that an additional hepatitis agent existed undetected in the blood supply.

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“…These findings might not apply in countries with less strict control of commercially available whole blood and blood extracts, but hepatitis ratios of 10-15% per unit of transfused blood now belong to the past since HBsAG checks are internationally instituted [16].…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 98%