A controlled study of effect of early fluid administration on survival of low birth weight infants

Cornblath, Marvin; Forbes, A.; Pildes, Rosita S.; Greengard, Joseph

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(66)80506-1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Past experience among human newborn infants has demonstrated that early alimentation prevents fasting hypoglycemia and improves neonatal survival (1,6,43). Additionally, alimentation of newborn rats results in stable blood glucose concentrations and glucose production rates and also augments circulating alternate fuels levels (1 1, 12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

1983

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Summaryduration than older rats (13,14). In other investigations amongIntrahepatic and intracerebral metabolic responses to neonatal fasting or enteric carbohydrate alimentation were investigated among newborn dogs. Pups were either fasted or given an intravenous glucose infusion (alimented) before an enteric feeding of physiologic quantities of either glucose or galactose. These pups were also compared to another group which was completely starved throughout the study period. Gastrointestinal carbohydrate feeding resulted in enhanced hepatic glycogen content among pups after a prior state of fasting. Though there were no differences of glycogen content between glucose or galactose feeding in this previously fasted group, combined intravenous glucose and enteric galactose administration produced the greatest effect on hepatic glycogen synthesis. Intrahepatic fructose 1, 6-diphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate levels were increased among previously fasted pups fed enteric monosaccharides compared to completely starved control pups, whereas intrahepatic phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate levels were elevated after combined intravenous and enteric carbohydrate administration. Of greater interest was the observation that hepatic levels of ATP were significantly elevated among all groups given exogenous carbohydrates compared to the completely starved control group. In contrast to the augmented hepatic glycogen and ATP levels, there were no alterations of cerebral glycogen or ATP after alirnentation. Nevertheless, cerebral pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations were elevated after enteric or combined intravenous and enteric alimentation compared to the totally starved control pups. newborn piglets, starvation was associated with a decreased b a d metabolism rate as evident by diminished rates of oxygen consumption (9).Past experience among human newborn infants has demonstrated that early alimentation prevents fasting hypoglycemia and improves neonatal survival (1, 6, 43). Additionally, alimentation of newborn rats results in stable blood glucose concentrations and glucose production rates and also augments circulating alternate fuels levels (1 1, 12).Rapid alterations of intrahepatic metabolic intermediates, cofactors, and regulatory enzymes are essential controlling events that permit the liver's transition from a glucose-producing organ during starvation to an organ capable of net carbohydrate uptake during alimentation (15,33,34,38). This change is essential for the control of blood glucose levels, and for the replenishment of hepatic glycogen stores. During carbohydrate alimentation pyruvate becomes the predominant source of acetyl-CoA for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and may result in enhanced ATP production. The transition from fasting hepatic intermediary metabolism to that of an alimented state has been well documented among adult mammals. As there are little in vivo data describing the regulation of intrahepatic metabolism among fasted neonates, or the response of the neonatal liver to subsequent al...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

1983

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“…In the case of the preterm baby it seems desirable to use simple measures to avoid any delay in establishing satisfactory oxygenation, as well as satisfactory nutrition (Cornblath et al, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can initial resuscitation of preterm babies reduce the death rate from hyaline membrane disease?

Omer¹,

Robson²,

Neligan³

1974

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…From the 1960s there were concerns that delayed feeding was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems and cerebral palsy [37] which may have been due to hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia [38] . A small randomised trial was not able to confirm the benefits of early feeding [39] and it was not until the 1970s that it was accepted as appropriate for preterm infants. Even in recent times, inadequate early nutrition of the very preterm baby has been highlighted as a persistent problem [40,41] .…”

Section: Withholding Feeds For Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Useless Perinatal Therapies

Halliday¹

2010

Neonatology

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With respect to Professor Bengt Robertson whose research studies were very instrumental in the development of one of the most important and evidence-based therapies in perinatal medicine, namely surfactant therapy, I thought it might be appropriate to review some useless or harmful perinatal therapies. Although the term ‘neonatology’ has only been in existence for about 50 years, care of the newborn in the 19th century was largely provided by nurses and obstetricians. As an example, Pierre Budin, a Parisian obstetrician, was very aware of the importance of keeping low birth weight babies warm. More recently however, a number of useless or harmful practices were adopted by those caring for pregnant women and their babies. These included uncontrolled oxygen supplementation, inadequate temperature control, withholding feeds, and various drugs such as thalidomide, chloramphenicol, hexachlorophene, sodium bicarbonate, Epsom salts, benzyl alcohol, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and corticosteroids. Even in the modern age, inappropriate therapies have been introduced on the basis of short-term beneficial outcomes without longer-term evaluation. Sometimes we are slow to learn the lessons of the past.

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A controlled study of effect of early fluid administration on survival of low birth weight infants

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

Hepatic and Cerebral Energy Metabolism after Neonatal Canine Alimentation

Can initial resuscitation of preterm babies reduce the death rate from hyaline membrane disease?

Useless Perinatal Therapies

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