A Controlled Retrospective Study of Blackfoot Disease, an Endemic Peripheral Gangrene Disease in Taiwan

Cht, I-Cheng; Blackwell, R. Q.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120869

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The toes and feet are primarily involved, with occasional occurrence in the fingers (3). Onset and exacerbation are associated with cold weather and injuries (3,7,21).…”

Section: Blackfoot Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toes and feet are primarily involved, with occasional occurrence in the fingers (3). Onset and exacerbation are associated with cold weather and injuries (3,7,21). The agonizingly painful condition ultimately progresses to gangrene, and resulted in spontaneous or surgical amputation in 68 percent of 1,300 blackfoot disease patients in one study (21).…”

Section: Blackfoot Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An area along the southwestern coast of Taiwan is known for the endemic occurrence of a peripheral vascular disease, locally known as Wu Chiao Ping, which translates into "blackfoot disease" (3), and which reached a prevalence of nine per 1,000 in the endemic area in the early 1960s (4). Early investigations of blackfoot disease (5-12) were followed by additional epidemiologic studies concerning cancer (4,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and cardiovascular diseases (17,20), as well as further studies of blackfoot disease (3,4,13,14,20,21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure 185 (21), and female patients tended to be younger than male patients (3,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The first casecontrol study included 353 prevalent cases of blackfoot disease and 353 controls (3). The findings are summarized in table 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Engel¹,

Hopenhayn‐Rich

Receveur

et al. 1994

Epidemiologic Reviews

207

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“…The toes and feet are primarily involved, with occasional occurrence in the fingers (3). Onset and exacerbation are associated with cold weather and injuries (3,7,21).…”

Section: Blackfoot Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blackfoot Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure 185 (21), and female patients tended to be younger than male patients (3,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The first casecontrol study included 353 prevalent cases of blackfoot disease and 353 controls (3). The findings are summarized in table 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Engel¹,

Hopenhayn‐Rich

Receveur

et al. 1994

Epidemiologic Reviews

207

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Appropriate use of animal models in the assessment of risk during prenatal development: An illustration using inorganic arsenic

et al. 2000

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Background Assessing risks to human development from chemical exposure typically requires integrating findings from laboratory animal and human studies. Methods Using a case study approach, we present a program designed to assess the risk of the occurrence of malformations from inorganic arsenic exposure. We discuss how epidemiological data should be evaluated for quality and criteria for determining whether an association is causal. In this case study, adequate epidemiological data were not available for evaluating the potential effect of arsenic on development. Consequently, results from appropriately designed, conducted, and interpreted developmental toxicity studies, which have been shown to be predictive of human risk under numerous scenarios, were used. In our case study, the existing animal data were not designed appropriately to assess risk from environmental exposures, although such studies may be useful for hazard identification. Because the human and animal databases were deficient, a research program comprising modern guideline toxicological studies was designed and conducted. Results The results of those studies in rats, mice, and rabbits indicate that oral and inhalational exposures to inorganic arsenic do not cause structural malformations, and inhalational exposures produced no developmental effects at all. The new study results are discussed in conjunction with considerations of metabolism, toxicokinetics, and maternal toxicity. Conclusions Based on the available experimental data, and absent contrary findings from adequately conducted epidemiological studies, we conclude that exposure to inorganic arsenic by environmentally relevant routes poses no risk of the occurrence of malformations and little risk of other prenatal developmental toxicity in developing humans without concomitant and near‐lethal toxicological effects in mothers. Teratology 62:51–71, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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An integrated GIS‐based approach in assessing carcinogenic risks via food‐chain exposure in arsenic‐affected groundwater areas

Liang

Jang

Liu

et al. 2009

Environmental Toxicology

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This study presented an integrated GIS-based approach for assessing potential carcinogenic risks via food-chain exposure of ingesting inorganic arsenic (As) in aquacultural tilapia, milkfish, mullet, and clam in the As-affected groundwater areas. To integrate spatial information, geographic information system (GIS) was adopted to combine polygon-shaped features of aquacultural species with cell-shaped features of As contamination in groundwater. Owing to sparse measured data, Monte Carlo simulation and sequential indicator simulation were used to characterize the uncertainty of assessed parameters. Target cancer risks (TRs) of ingesting As contents at fish ponds were spatially mapped to assess potential risks to human health. The analyzed results reveal that clam farmed at the western coastal ponds and milkfish farmed at the southwestern coastal ponds have high risks to human health, whereas tilapia cultivated mainly at the inland ponds only has high risks at the 95th percentile of TR. Mullet in general has low risks to human health. Moreover, to decrease risks, this study suggests reducing the use of As-affected groundwater at clam and milkfish ponds due to high bioconcentration factor (BCF) of clam and inorganic As accumulation ratio of milkfish. The integrated GIS-based approach can provide fishery administrators with an effective management strategy at specific fish ponds with high risks to human health.

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A Controlled Retrospective Study of Blackfoot Disease, an Endemic Peripheral Gangrene Disease in Taiwan

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Vascular Effects of Chronic Arsenic Exposure: A Review

Appropriate use of animal models in the assessment of risk during prenatal development: An illustration using inorganic arsenic

An integrated GIS‐based approach in assessing carcinogenic risks via food‐chain exposure in arsenic‐affected groundwater areas

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