A controlled field experiment on groundwater contamination by a multicomponent DNAPL: creation of the emplaced-source and overview of dissolved plume development

Rivett, Michael O.; Feenstra, Stanley; Cherry, John A.

doi:10.1016/s0169-7722(00)00191-1

Cited by 83 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…PCE sorbs more strongly on the sandy aquifer material and, hence, migrates more slowly in the aquifer compared to TCE and TCM. 43 At all four coring locations, TCE shows the highest peak concentration (range: 16,000− 210,000 μg/L = 0.015−0.191 Solubility TCE ) followed by PCE (range: 10,000−100,000 μg/L = 0.050−0.500 Solubility PCE ) and TCM (range: 800−50,000 μg/L = 9.76 × 10 −05 −6.10 × 10 −03 Solubility TCM (Figures S1A−D, SI). In contrast, significant cDCE concentrations (maximum of 1400 μg/L = 2.84 × 10 −05 Solubility cDCE ) were detected only at the interface at the farthest downgradient core location 15-13, with the peak occurring 3300 days after injection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Saturated Low Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis

Wanner

Parker

Chapman

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This field and modeling study aims to reveal if degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in low permeability sediments can be quantified using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). For that purpose, the well-characterized Borden research site was selected, where an aquifer−aquitard system was artificially contaminated by a three component chlorinated solvent mixture (tetrachloroethene (PCE) 45 vol %, trichloroethene (TCE) 45 vol %, and chloroform (TCM) 10 vol %). Nearly 15 years after the contaminant release, several highresolution concentration and CSIA profiles were determined for the chlorinated hydrocarbons that had diffused into the clayey aquitard. The CSIA profiles showed large shifts of carbon isotope ratios with depth (up to 24‰) suggesting that degradation occurs in the aquitard despite the small pore sizes. Simulated scenarios without or with uniform degradation failed to reproduce the isotope data, while a scenario with decreasing degradation with depth fit the data well. This suggests that nutrients had diffused into the aquitard favoring stronger degradation close to the aquifer−aquitard interface than with increasing depth. Moreover, the different simulation scenarios showed that CSIA profiles are more sensitive to different degradation conditions compared to concentration profiles highlighting the power of CSIA to constrain degradation activities in aquitards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Saturated Low Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis

Wanner

Parker

Chapman

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The fundamental concept of contaminant mass flux, its relationship to mass-removal processes and source-zone properties, and its impact on risk has long been established (e.g., Fried et al, 1979;Pfannkuch, 1984). The impact of subsurface heterogeneity, immiscibleliquid distribution, and mass-transfer dynamics on mass-removal behavior and aqueous concentration profiles (mass flux) has been examined for some time through laboratory, modeling, and field studies (e.g., Schwille, 1988;Dorgarten, 1989;Guiguer, 1991;Anderson et al, 1992;Brusseau, 1992;Guarnaccia and Pinder, 1992;Mayer and Miller, 1996;Berglund, 1997;Nelson and Brusseau, 1997;Powers et al, 1998;Unger et al, 1998;Broholm et al, 1999;Brusseau et al, 1999a;Frind et al, 1999;Zhang and Brusseau, 1999;Nambi and Powers, 2000;Zhu and Sykes, 2000;Brusseau et al, 2000Brusseau et al, , 2002 ; Saba and Illangasekare, 2000;Sale and McWhorter, 2001;Rivett et al, 2001;Enfield et al, 2002;Rao et al, 2002;Rao and Jawitz, 2003;Jayanti and Pope, 2004;Lemke et al, 2004;Parker and Park, 2004;Phelan et al, 2004;Soga et al, 2004;Falta et al, 2005a, b ;Jawitz et al, 2005;Feenstra, 2005, Fure et al, 2006;Lemke and Abriola, 2006;Suchomel and Pennell, 2006;Brusseau et al, 2007…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between mass-flux reduction and source-zone mass removal: Analysis of field data

DiFilippo

Brusseau

2008

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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The magnitude of contaminant mass flux reduction associated with a specific amount of contaminant mass removed is a key consideration for evaluating the effectiveness of a source-zone remediation effort. Thus, there is great interest in characterizing, estimating, and predicting relationships between mass flux reduction and mass removal. Published data collected for several field studies were examined to evaluate relationships between mass flux reduction and sourcezone mass removal. The studies analyzed herein represent a variety of source-zone architectures, immiscible-liquid compositions, and implemented remediation technologies. There are two general approaches to characterizing the mass-flux-reduction/mass-removal relationship, end-point analysis and time-continuous analysis. End-point analysis, based on comparing masses and mass fluxes measured before and after a source-zone remediation effort, was conducted for 21 remediation projects. Mass removals were greater than 60% for all but three of the studies. Mass flux reductions ranging from slightly less than to slightly greater than one-to-one were observed for the majority of the sites. However, these single-snapshot characterizations are limited in that the antecedent behavior is indeterminate. Time-continuous analysis, based on continuous monitoring of mass removal and mass flux, was performed for two sites, both for which data were obtained under water-flushing conditions. The reductions in mass flux were significantly different for the two sites (90% vs. ~8%) for similar mass removals (~40%). These results illustrate the dependence of the mass-flux-reduction/mass-removal relationship on source-zone architecture and associated mass-transfer processes. Minimal mass flux reduction was observed for a system wherein mass removal was relatively efficient (ideal mass transfer and displacement). Conversely, a significant degree of mass flux reduction was observed for a site wherein mass removal was inefficient (nonideal mass transfer and displacement). The mass-flux-reduction/mass-removal relationship for the latter site exhibited a multi-step behavior, which cannot be predicted using some of the available simple estimation functions. KeywordsMass Flux; DNAPL; Source Zone; Remediation INTRODUCTIONThe contamination of groundwater by hazardous organic chemicals and the associated risks to human health and the environment are issues of great importance. One of the most critical issues associated with hazardous waste sites is the potential presence of immiscible-liquid contamination in the subsurface. Immiscible liquids, such as chlorinated solvents, creosote, NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript coal tars, and fuels, once introduced into the subsurface become entrapped, and serve as long-term sources of contamination. The presence of immiscible-liquid contamination at a site can greatly impact the costs and time required for site remediation. It is widely acknowledged that cleaning up sites contaminated with denser-tha...

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“…Les processus qui conditionnent leur dynamique en zone non saturée sont l'évaporation du produit en tant que phase pure, la volatilisation de la phase aqueuse, les phénomènes de partage entre les phases gazeuse et aqueuse, l'advection, la diffusion et la dispersion hydrodynamique. L'importance de chacun de ces processus dépend à la fois des caractéristiques physicochimiques du polluant et des conditions hydrogéologiques du milieu souterrain (FALTA et al, 1989;LENHARD et al, 1995;MENDOZA et FRIND, 1990aet 1990bRIVETT, 1995;RIVETT et al, 2001;THOMSON et al, 1997;WANG et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Transport avec échange gazeux du trichloroéthylène vers une nappe aquifère

Jellali

Razakarisoa

2006

rseau

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Deux expériences ont été réalisées sur un site expérimental contrôlé de dimensions décamétriques reconstituant un aquifère alluvial. L’originalité de ce travail est basée sur le fait que cette plate-forme expérimentale permet de rendre compte du rôle de la frange capillaire dans les phénomènes de transfert, ce qui est difficilement accessible sur des systèmes réduits de laboratoire ou dans les investigations sur site réel. L’objectif principal est l’évaluation quantitative des mécanismes de transfert de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) depuis la zone non saturée vers la nappe dans le cas d’une source de pollution localisée en zone non saturée. Le cas du transport du trichloroéthylène (TCE) a été abordé où une analyse comparative du transfert du TCE depuis la zone non saturée vers la nappe via la frange capillaire est présentée en étudiant les deux mécanismes : dispersion et dissolution. Dans la première expérience, la dispersion passive de la pollution par les vapeurs depuis la zone non saturée vers la nappe via la frange capillaire est étudiée. Dans la seconde expérience, l’impact sur la pollution de la nappe du lessivage des vapeurs par une pluie contrôlée est quantifié. Les résultats montrent que la dispersion passive des vapeurs peut causer une pollution significative de l’eau de la nappe, et ce, malgré la lenteur du processus de diffusion dans la partie inférieure de la frange capillaire suffisamment saturée en eau. Le lessivage des vapeurs par la pluie provoque une pollution de nappe plus importante et plus étendue. La quantification des flux de pollution partant de la zone non saturée vers la nappe a été réalisée dans la première expérience en se servant de la méthode de JOHNSON et PANKOW (1992), et du code de calcul (Hydrus) dans la seconde expérience. Les résultats expérimentaux et analytiques mettent en évidence, d’une part, le rôle d’écran joué par la frange capillaire contre le transfert de la pollution vers la nappe, et d’autre part, l’augmentation significative du degré et de l’étendue de la pollution de la nappe en cas de lessivage des vapeurs par les eaux de pluie.Two large-scale experiments were conducted on a controlled artificial aquifer referred to as SCERES (Site Contrôlé Expérimental de Recherche pour la Réhabilitation des Eaux et des Sols: 25 x 12 x 3 m). The experimental tool SCERES was completely buried in the subsurface in order to get stable temperature conditions in the aquifer. The hydraulic gradient, flow rate, visualization of the water table and water sampling were managed and monitored in two technical pits located at the upstream and downstream ends of the SCERES basin. It was packed with a main layer of uniform quartz sand and a 0.5 m-deep drainage layer at the bottom of the basin having hydraulic conductivities of 8 x 10‑4 and 6 x 10‑3 m/s respectively. The quartz sand had a mean grain diameter of 0.45 mm, a total porosity of 0.4 and a uniformity coefficient of 2.1; its longitudinal dispersivity was determined in laboratory column experiments to be approximately 1 mm. The aqu...

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A controlled field experiment on groundwater contamination by a multicomponent DNAPL: creation of the emplaced-source and overview of dissolved plume development

Cited by 83 publications

References 64 publications

Quantification of Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Saturated Low Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis

Quantification of Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Saturated Low Permeability Sediments Using Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis

Relationship between mass-flux reduction and source-zone mass removal: Analysis of field data

Transport avec échange gazeux du trichloroéthylène vers une nappe aquifère

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