“…In contrast to very few studies of rate-based controls in end-to-end applications, a large body of data-link algorithms exists [4], [22], [31], [39]; however, these methods often rely on routers to compute the sending rate of each flow (e.g., in ATM) and explicitly feed it back to the end flows. In the current Internet, such computation is considered too costly to be implemented in the network layer, which makes these methods unsuitable for end-to-end applications.…”