A Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System Based on Battery Side Capacitor Voltage Control

Wang, Zhe; Lin, Hsiung-Cheng; Ma, Yajun

doi:10.3390/en12112151

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From Equation (19), it is straightforward to compute the total cell power loss for either a three-phase SS-MMC or DS-MMC characterized by the same number N of cells per arm:…”

Section: Cell Loss Comparison Of MMC and Vsimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of electrochemical storage devices [19], in order to safeguard the cells and guarantee the highest number of charge/discharge cycles, it is necessary to keep all of the cells balanced in terms of their State of Charge (SoC). While traditional converters are normally equipped with an additional Battery Management System [20], MMC solutions inherently provide this balancing functionality at the module level [12,16,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical Cell Loss Minimization in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Half-Bridge Modules

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the developing context of distributed generation and flexible smart grids, in order to realize electrochemical storage systems, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) represent an interesting alternative to the more traditional Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs). This paper presents a novel analytical investigation of electrochemical cell power losses in MMCs and their dependence on the injected common mode voltage. Steady-state cell losses are calculated under Nearest Level Control (NLC) modulation for MMCs equipped with a large number of half-bridge modules, each directly connected to an elementary electrochemical cell. The total cell losses of both a Single Star MMC (SS-MMC) and a Double Star MMC (DS MMC) are derived and compared to the loss of a VSI working under the same conditions. An optimum common mode voltage injection law is developed, leading to the minimum cell losses possible. In the worst case, it achieves a 17.5% reduction in cell losses compared to conventional injection laws. The analysis is experimentally validated using a laboratory prototype set-up based on a two-arm SS-MMC with 12 modules per arm. The experimental results are within 2.5% of the analytical models for all cases considered.

show abstract

“…From Equation (19), it is straightforward to compute the total cell power loss for either a three-phase SS-MMC or DS-MMC characterized by the same number N of cells per arm:…”

Section: Cell Loss Comparison Of MMC and Vsimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Cell Loss Minimization in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Half-Bridge Modules

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several researchers have developed small prototypes to verify their control algorithms. The algorithms are developed early in the simulation process and need to be written for the controller chosen to run the prototype, which takes time and effort and is costly [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. As an emerging technology, there are few tools for MMC controller design and no established standards to guide engineering practices for MMC control and operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Controller Design Test Bench for High-Voltage Direct Current Modular Multilevel Converters

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs), with their inherent features and advantages over other conventional converters, have gained popularity and remain an ongoing topic of research. Many scholars have solved issues related to the operation, control, protection, and reliability of MMCs using simulation software and small hardware prototypes. We propose a novel approach for an MMC controller design with real-time systems. By utilizing a key benefit of LabVIEW Multisim co-simulation, an MMC control algorithm that can be deployed on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) was developed in LabVIEW. The complete circuit was designed in Multisim, and a co-simulation was performed to drive an MMC model. The benefit of this topology is that control algorithms can be designed in a LabVIEW FPGA and tested with the Multisim co-simulation circuit to obtain simulation results. Once the controller works and provides satisfactory results, the same algorithm can be deployed in any NI (National Instruments) FPGA-based controller, like a compact remote input/output (RIO), to control real-time MMCs designed in an NI PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation (PXI) system. This method saves time and provides flexibility for effectively designing control algorithms and implementing them in an FPGA for real-time model implementation.

show abstract

“…The modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) has been widely applied in large-scale renewable energy integration and asynchronous power grid interconnection [1][2][3]. Compared with the conventional line-commutated converter (LCC) and two-or three-level voltage source converters (VSCs), the MMC has become the most promising and competitive alternative due to its high modularity, no commutation failure, and excellent output waveforms [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Efficient EMT-Type Model of the MMCs Based on Arm Equivalence

2020

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The large number of switching elements in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) contribute a tremendous computational burden for electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation programs. Detailed equivalent models (DEMs) and average value model (AVMs) are currently two major types of accurate and efficient model. However, the DEMs are still computationally inefficient for the simulation scenarios in large-scale MMC based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) grids, as the models represent all submodule (SMs) switching events, and memorize all individual capacitor voltages. Though the AVMs provide a faster simulation speed by using a single equivalent capacitor on the DC side, they have a relatively low simulation accuracy compared to DEMs, especially under blocked mode. This paper proposes an enhanced computationally efficient model based on arm equivalence (AEM), which can accurately represent the dynamic behaviors in both de-blocked and blocked modes. Compared to the DEMs, the proposed AEM is more efficient, with no loss of accuracy, and the simulation speed is irrespective of the SM number. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed model were validated against the DEM and AVM through several simulation scenarios in a two-terminal MMC-HVDC system on the power systems computer aided design/ electromagnetic transient in DC system (PSCAD/EMTDC) program.

show abstract

A Control Strategy of Modular Multilevel Converter with Integrated Battery Energy Storage System Based on Battery Side Capacitor Voltage Control

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Electrochemical Cell Loss Minimization in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Half-Bridge Modules

Electrochemical Cell Loss Minimization in Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Half-Bridge Modules

Real-Time Controller Design Test Bench for High-Voltage Direct Current Modular Multilevel Converters

Enhanced Efficient EMT-Type Model of the MMCs Based on Arm Equivalence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About