A control package revolving around the removal of single diseased banana stems is effective for the restoration of Xanthomonas wilt infected fields

Blomme, Guy; Ocimati, W.; Sivirihauma, C.; Vutseme, L.; Bumba, M.; Kamira, M.; Schagen, Boudy van; Ekboir, Javier M.; Ntamwira, Jules

doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1189-6

Cited by 42 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…SDSR is one of the recommended practices for managing XW disease on farms. SDSR has been reported to drastically reduce XW incidence and lead to recovery of infected banana fields if regularly and consistently applied (Blomme et al, 2017b). No associations were observed between XW presence/incidence with crop mixtures and agroforestry practices, possibly due to the homogeneity of the farms in the study region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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Alternative host plants are important in the survival and perpetuation of several crop pathogens and have been suspected to play a role in the survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) and perpetuation of Xanthomonas wilt (XW) disease of banana and enset. This study determined the potential risk posed by two weeds (Canna spp. and wild sorghum) and common banana intercrops (maize, millet, sorghum, taro, and sugarcane) as alternative hosts to Xcm. The study employed screenhouse experiments, laboratory procedures and diagnosis of banana fields in XW-affected landscapes. Typical XW symptoms were only observed in artificially inoculated Canna sp., with an incidence of 96%. Leaf lesions characteristic of xanthomonads occurred on millet (50%) and sorghum (35%), though the plants recovered. No symptoms occurred in maize, sugarcane, taro or wild sorghum. However, Xcm was recovered from all these plant species, with higher recoveries in Canna sp. (47%), millet (27%), sugarcane (27%), and wild sorghum (25%). Only isolates recovered from Canna sp., millet, sorghum and wild sorghum caused disease in banana plantlets. The presence and incidence of XW on-farm was positively associated with the presence of susceptible ABB Musa genotypes and negatively with number of banana cultivars on farm and household access to training on XW management. Only 0.02% of field sampled Canna spp. plants had Xcm. Risk posed by Canna spp. on-farm could be limited to tool transmission as it has persistent floral bracts that prevent insect-mediated infections. Given the high susceptibility, perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes of Canna sp., it could pose a moderate-high risk, thus warranting some attention in the management of XW disease. Sugarcane could offer a low-moderate risk due to its perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes while risk from maize, millet, and sorghum was deemed zero-low due to their annual nature, wind-mediated mode of pollination and propagation through seed. Understanding the interactions of a crop pathogen with other plants is thus important when diversifying agroecosystems. The study findings also suggest other factors such as cultivar composition and management of the disease at farm and landscape level to be important in the perpetuation of XW disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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“…All bacterial wilts characteristically cause leaf yellowing and wilting caused by blocking of vascular bundles in the corm and pseudostem, dry rot of the male inflorescence part and internal browning of the fruit pulp. Stem discolouration and bacterial ooze in the cut pseudostem, leaf petioles and corm are also common features of bacterial wilts, although with variations in ooze colour and abundance (Blomme et al ., ). Different bacterial wilts are present in Asia, Africa and Latin America.…”

Section: Pests and Pathogens Transmitted Through Banana Planting Matementioning

confidence: 97%

“…In bacterial wilts, incomplete systemic movement of bacteria from an infected pseudostem to physically attached suckers on the same mat occurs, leading to a combination of primarily healthy shoots with a few shoots latently infected or with symptoms (Black & Delbeke, ; Soguilon et al ., ; Ocimati et al ., , ). Thus, the application of a disease management package based on three key practices – (i) removal of diseased shoots, (ii) tool disinfection, and (iii) early male bud removal – in fields with widespread xanthomonas wilt (BXW)‐infected banana mats has led to full recovery of production (Blomme et al ., ). By contrast, Foc‐ and BBTV‐infected mats quickly cease to be productive.…”

Section: Pests and Pathogens Transmitted Through Banana Planting Matementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Field recovery from advanced infections of xanthomonas wilt has been validated through a package of practices – removal of diseased stems at first symptoms, male bud removal and tool disinfection. This dramatically reduces the risk of disease spread (Blomme et al ., ) and new suckers repopulate the mat and field. In export and intensive national market‐oriented stands, the risks of propagating of R. solanacearum may be reduced by the use of footbaths, containing sodium hypochlorite solution, at farm entrances and between plots.…”

Section: Pests and Pathogens Transmitted Through Banana Planting Matementioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed

et al. 2018

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Vegetatively propagated crops suffer from yield loss and reduced stand density and longevity caused by the build‐up of certain pests and pathogens between successive plantings via infected planting material. Here, six seedborne phytosanitary problems of banana are reviewed to evaluate whether a seed degeneration framework is a useful tool to identify approaches to achieve healthier planting materials. Phytoparasitic nematodes and weevils generate gradual declines in yields and in sucker health. Fusarium wilt and banana bunchy top virus cause progressive mat collapse across the field. Symptomless suckers from any mat in infested fields represent a risk of transmitting the disease to a new field. Xanthomonas and ralstonia wilts, due to incomplete systemicity, are intermediate in their threat to yield loss and frequency of transmission in suckers. Losses to banana streak virus are triggered by abiotic stress, although sucker transmission of episomal banana streak virus also contributes. A qualitative equation described here for seed degeneration covers a cycle beginning with the quality and risk factors of the planting material used to plant a new field and ends with the quality and risk factors of the suckers extracted from the field to plant a new field. This review of five planting material multiplication methods commonly used in banana contrasts their differing usefulness to address seed degeneration in the small farm context. It is proposed that initiatives to offset banana seed degeneration should integrate the role of off‐farm actors into decentralized initiatives rather than attempt to duplicate national seed certification frameworks from other true seed or vegetatively propagated crops.

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“…These results show that farmers tend to implement disease control measures that are easy for them to implement, such as the removal of symptomatic plants on the mat instead of the whole mat and male buds removal. A recent study recommends single diseased stem removal technology as an alternative to the whole mat removal based on the finding that adjacent or physically attached shoots of an infected plant are sometimes healthy (Blomme et al 2017). The technique is easily applicable for farmers and can significantly reduce the disease but requires consistent use with the other disease management methods.…”

Section: Awareness and Practice Of Xanthomonas Wilt Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management strategies for banana Xanthomonas wilt in Rwanda include mixing indigenous and improved cultivars

Uwamahoro

Berlin

Bylund

et al. 2019

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Xanthomonas wilt is a major constraint to banana production in the East and Central Africa. The disease can cause up to 100% yield losses if proper management strategies are not well implemented. Understanding of disease status, driving factors and farmers' knowledge provide insights towards a sustainable management approach. A total of 120 and 150 banana farms from eight and ten districts of Rwanda were surveyed for disease occurrence in 2015 and 2016 respectively. The owners of the farms were interviewed about disease knowledge, management practices, and source of information in these aspects. The results show that Xanthomonas wilt was present in all surveyed districts with high incidence (above 45% in both 2015 and 2016) in major banana growing areas, highlighting the risk of increasing yield losses. High Xanthomonas wilt incidence and severity was associated with Impara and Eastern plateau agro-ecological zones, intercropping systems, brewing bananas, dense spacing, and homogenous cultivars. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the gravity of Xanthomonas wilt in major banana growing areas of Rwanda. This agrees with the finding that proper implementation of management practices by the farmers remains limited. Disease management difficulties could be attributed to inaccessibility to the right information since some information sources may be unreliable. We also report for the first time that fields with a mixture of indigenous and improved cultivars are likely to have low Xanthomonas wilt disease severity (p < 0.005), and this could be considered in banana Xanthomonas wilt management package. Our findings are essential to understand the urgency of improving extension services with updated practices and reinforcing disease monitoring efforts in order to stop new infections and further spread of the Xanthomonas wilt disease, a threat to sustainable banana production in Rwanda.

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A control package revolving around the removal of single diseased banana stems is effective for the restoration of Xanthomonas wilt infected fields

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Seed degeneration of banana planting materials: strategies for improved farmer access to healthy seed

Management strategies for banana Xanthomonas wilt in Rwanda include mixing indigenous and improved cultivars

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