A Contribution to the Pathology and Therapy of Dysarthria Due to Certain Cerebral Lesions

Non‐speech oro‐motor exercise use in acquired dysarthria management: regimes and rationales

“…These non‐speech oro‐motor exercises (NSOMExs) are also known as speech mechanism exercises (Hustad and Weismer 2007), or subsumed within the broader category of neuromuscular treatments (Clark 2003). NSOMExs appear to have a long tradition in speech and language therapy (SLT) practice, and publications in English, recommending and explaining their use for people with acquired dysarthria, date from around 1940 (Robbins 1940, Froeschels 1943). As is the case for many SLT treatments, no robust evidence base supports the use of NSOMExs in acquired dysarthria (Clark 2003).…”

“…Speech is regarded as a motor skill which can be reduced to components, as distinct from the view that speech is a highly specific activity, in respect of its motor control. Froeschels (1943), one of the early proponents of this approach, cautioned against initiating speech exercises in dysarthria ‘before the best possible training of the muscles involved has been achieved’, because to contravene this ‘rule’ ‘might increase the unbalanced condition’ (Froeschels 1943: 313). Some authors adopt a more cautious approach, believing NSOMExs to be relevant only to the most severely impaired patients (Darley et al 1975), and used ‘as a last resort’ (Rosenbek and Jones 2009: 281).…”

Darley's contributions to the understanding, differential diagnosis, and scientific study of the dysarthrias

“…Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1975) recognised pre-existing classifications byFroeschels (1943),Luchsinger and Arnold (1965),Brain (1965), andGrewel (1957), but pointed out that they were based on anatomy or that their categories were not internally consistent (i.e., had no unitary basis).3 This view of aphasia obviousl y is not universally accepted, but Darley was almost certainly partly motivated by his commitment to avoiding terminological confusion when communicating about the disorder, something that most aphasiologists would agree has been a chronic problem throughou t the history of study of aphasia.276 DUFFY AND KENT Downloaded by [UQ Library] at 21:25 03 November 2014…”

Non‐speech oro‐motor exercises in post‐stroke dysarthria intervention: a randomized feasibility trial

“…). Publications in English, which promote these exercises in acquired dysarthria, date from around 1940 (Robbins , Froeschels ). Advocates believe that NSOMExs increase levels of tension, endurance and power of weak muscles, viewing speech as a multi‐component motor skill and maintaining that exercises provide a foundation for and lead to enhancement of speech (Dworkin ).…”

“…There is a long tradition of use of such exercises, known as speech mechanism exercises (Hustad and Weismer 2007) or non-speech oromotor exercises (NSOMExs) (Mackenzie et al 2010). Publications in English, which promote these exercises in acquired dysarthria, date from around 1940 (Robbins 1940, Froeschels 1943. Advocates believe that NSOMExs increase levels of tension, endurance and power of weak muscles, viewing speech as a multicomponent motor skill and maintaining that exercises provide a foundation for and lead to enhancement of speech (Dworkin 1991).…”