A contribution of radial electron density distribution measurements to the study of PTFE-Carbon

Červinka, Ladislav; Dousek, F.P.; Jansta, J.; Neumann, Hava; Steil, H.

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(81)90024-5

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The carbon grains possess lamellar morphology with particle size of 12 ± 9 (from electron microscopy) 299 or 4−10 μm (from sedimentation analysis) while the product contains only sp 2 and sp 3 carbon atoms (75/25 ratio). , X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy displayed nodular carbon clusters, ∼1.1−1.2 nm in size, ,, with a chain-like ordering, similar to that in PTFE , …”

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The polyyne skeleton collapses rapidly upon removal of MF, while the product contains only sp 2 and sp 3 carbon atoms (75/25 ratio). , X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy displayed nodular carbon clusters, ∼1.1−1.2 nm in size, ,, with a chain-like ordering, similar to that in PTFE , …”

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…45 This picture is supported by the X-ray diffraction analysis of C-LiF (from PTFE). 334,335 It gives the average carbon-carbon distance of (135 ( 4) pm, 335 interpreted as a superposition of graphitic (142 pm, 70-45%), diamond-like (154 pm, 0-15%), and polyyne (∼120 pm, 30-40%) structures. Extended graphitic ordering is excluded already by a simple comparison of crystal sizes and densities of individual components in C-LiF: it shows that carbon lamellae thicker than 470 pm (about two graphite layers) cannot occur in a monodisperse composite (Figure 8).…”

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…299 Upon heating, the clusters grow to 2.4-3.2 nm, without pronounced change in the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio. 334,335 Figure 8. Scheme of the nanosized texture of the C-LiF composite.…”

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Carbon

Kavan

1997

Chem. Rev.

156

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Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…299 Upon heating, the clusters grow to 2.4-3.2 nm, without pronounced change in the sp 2 /sp 3 ratio. 334,335 Figure 8. Scheme of the nanosized texture of the C-LiF composite.…”

Section: A C−mf and Related Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Carbon

Kavan

1997

Chem. Rev.

156

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Elektrochemie schwarzer Kohlenstoffe

Besenhard

Fritz

1983

Angewandte Chemie

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Professor Ernst Otto Fischer zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmetKohlenstoff-,,Modifikationen" zeigensofern sie iiberwiegend die Schichtstruktur des Graphits aufweisen -1) elektronische Leitfihigkeit, 2) die Fahigkeit, Ionen oder Molekiile zwischen die Schichten des Gitters einzulagern, und 3) die Fahigkeit, uber funktionelle Gruppen ihrer Oberflachen (im wesentlichen der Schichtrander) zu reagieren. Dem ersten Aspekt verdanken sie ihre Anwendung als ,,inertes" Elektrodenmaterial; darauf sei hier nicht nilher eingegangen. Die Kombination der Punkte 1) und 2) eroffnet die Mbglichkeit der elektrochemischen Intercalation, deren Grundlagen, Methodik und Anwendungen vorgestellt werden. Neben der Bildung von Graphitsalzen wird auch die von Graphitoxid beschrieben; weiterhin werden die Methoden zur Untersuchung solcher Produkte referiert. Auch die funktionellen Gruppennach 3) -lassen sich elektrochemisch umsetzen. Aktuelle Untersuchungen betreffen Elektroden aus chemisch modifiziertem Kohlenstoff, Oberflilchenoxide und -fluoride sowie die Oberflachenoxidation von Kohlenstoff-Fasern irn Hinblick auf den technischen Einsatz in Verbundwerkstoffen. Eine Fiille weiterer Anwendungsmaglichkeiten zeichnet sich ab. 954 0 Verlag Chemie GmbH. 0-6940 Weinheim. 1983 elementaren Kohlenstoffs, die zumindest iiberwiegend graphitartige Schichtstruktur und damit auch eine gewisse elektrische Leitfiihigkeit aufweisen -Kohlenstoff ist ja wie kein anderes Element in nahezu beliebiger Abstufung der strukturellen Ordnung und der Morphologie verfugbar, etwa von streng dreidimensional geordnetem Graphit bis hin zu rantgenamorphem Glaskohlenstoff 114J. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Chemie uon und nicht an Kohlenstoff-Elektroden vonustellen -Reaktionen an ,,inerten" Kohlenstoff-Elektroden bleiben somit ausgeklammert. 0044-8249/83/1212-0954 $02.50/0 Angew. Chem. 95 (1983) 954-980

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The Electrochemistry of Black Carbons

Besenhard

Fritz

1983

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.

266

179

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Dedicated to Professor Ernst Otto Fischer on the occasion of his 65th birthday"Modifications" of carbon-as long as they predominantly have the layered graphite structure-exhibit the following properties: 1) electrical conductance, 2) the ability to accomodate ions or molecules between the layers of the lattice, and 3) the ability to react via functional groups at their surfaces (largely at the layer edges). The first of these properties has led to carbon being used as an "inert" electrode material; this aspect will not be considered in this article. The combination of the first and second properties leads to the possibility of electrochemical intercalation. This aspect of black carbon's properties will be described, using both literature data and our own results, in terms of both the basic information and the methodology associated with its uses. In addition to the formation of graphite salts the origin of graphite oxide and the various methods which have been used to analyze these materials will be reviewed. The functional groups [(cf. 3) above] can also be reacted electrochemically. Here, particular emphasis will be placed on detailed results obtained from chemically modified carbon electrodes and also from surface oxides and fluorides. Reference will be made to the technological uses of surface oxidized carbon fibers in composite materials and also generally to possible future uses of graphite based compounds.

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A contribution of radial electron density distribution measurements to the study of PTFE-Carbon

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Electrochemical Carbon

Electrochemical Carbon

Elektrochemie schwarzer Kohlenstoffe

The Electrochemistry of Black Carbons

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