A continuous simulation of global ice volume over the past 1 million years with 3-D ice-sheet models

Boer, Bas de; Wal, R. S. W. van de; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Bintanja, Richard; Reerink, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1562-2

Cited by 92 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Given the differences in approach with continental-scale ice sheet models, such as AISM-VUB (Huybrechts, 1990(Huybrechts, , 2002, ANICE (de Boer et al, 2013), GRISLI (Ritz et al, 2015), ISSM (Larour et al, 2012), PISM (Bueler and Brown, 2009), PISM-PIK Winkelmann et al, 2011;Golledge et al, 2015), PSU-ISM (Pollard and DeConto, 2012a), RIMBAY (Thoma et al, 2014) or SICOPO-LIS (Sato and Greve, 2012), verification of the f.ETISh model requires a detailed comparison with existing benchmarks. These are generally based on results of the models cited above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)

2017

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Abstract. The magnitude of the Antarctic ice sheet's contribution to global sea-level rise is dominated by the potential of its marine sectors to become unstable and collapse as a response to ocean (and atmospheric) forcing. This paper presents Antarctic sea-level response to sudden atmospheric and oceanic forcings on multi-centennial timescales with the newly developed fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet (f.ETISh) model. The f.ETISh model is a vertically integrated hybrid ice sheet-ice shelf model with vertically integrated thermomechanical coupling, making the model twodimensional. Its marine boundary is represented by two different flux conditions, coherent with power-law basal sliding and Coulomb basal friction. The model has been compared to existing benchmarks.Modelled Antarctic ice sheet response to forcing is dominated by sub-ice shelf melt and the sensitivity is highly dependent on basal conditions at the grounding line. Coulomb friction in the grounding-line transition zone leads to significantly higher mass loss in both West and East Antarctica on centennial timescales, leading to 1.5 m sea-level rise after 500 years for a limited melt scenario of 10 m a −1 under freely floating ice shelves, up to 6 m for a 50 m a −1 scenario. The higher sensitivity is attributed to higher ice fluxes at the grounding line due to vanishing effective pressure.Removing the ice shelves altogether results in a disintegration of the West Antarctic ice sheet and (partially) marine basins in East Antarctica. After 500 years, this leads to a 5 m and a 16 m sea-level rise for the power-law basal sliding and Coulomb friction conditions at the grounding line, respectively. The latter value agrees with simulations by DeConto and Pollard (2016) over a similar period (but with different forcing and including processes of hydrofracturing and cliff failure).The chosen parametrizations make model results largely independent of spatial resolution so that f.ETISh can potentially be integrated in large-scale Earth system models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)

2017

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“…Various studies indicate the importance of gradual CO 2 decline in the intensification of NHG (Kürschner et al, 1996;Seki et al, 2010;Bartoli et al, 2011) combined with the threshold effects of ice albedo (Lawrence et al, 2010;Etourneau et al, 2010) and land cover changes (Koenig et al, 2011). Simulations of four coupled 3-D ice models indicate that Antarctic ice volume increases respond primarily to sea level lowering, while Eurasian and North American ice sheet growth is initiated by temperature decrease (de Boer et al, 2012). The latter dominate the eustatic sea level variations during glacials.…”

Section: Implications For the Intensification Of Northern Hemisphere mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MAT mr indicates a 4-6 • C G-IG amplitude, although the timing is offset relative to the other proxies. The data-model mismatch in AMOC changes might be due to dynamic feedbacks in vegetation or (sea) ice (Koenig et al, 2011;de Boer et al, 2012) that are prescribed variables in the model comparison by Zhang et al (2013).…”

Section: Implications For the Intensification Of Northern Hemisphere mentioning

confidence: 99%

Land–sea coupling of early Pleistocene glacial cycles in the southern North Sea exhibit dominant Northern Hemisphere forcing

et al. 2018

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Abstract. We assess the disputed phase relations between forcing and climatic response in the early Pleistocene with a spliced Gelasian ( ∼ 2.6-1.8 Ma) multi-proxy record from the southern North Sea basin. The cored sections couple climate evolution on both land and sea during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG) in NW Europe, providing the first well-constrained stratigraphic sequence of the classic terrestrial Praetiglian stage. Terrestrial signals were derived from the Eridanos paleoriver, a major fluvial system that contributed a large amount of freshwater to the northeast Atlantic. Due to its latitudinal position, the Eridanos catchment was likely affected by early Pleistocene NHG, leading to intermittent shutdown and reactivation of river flow and sediment transport. Here we apply organic geochemistry, palynology, carbonate isotope geochemistry, and seismostratigraphy to document both vegetation changes in the Eridanos catchment and regional surface water conditions and relate them to early Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles and relative sea level changes. Paleomagnetic and palynological data provide a solid integrated timeframe that ties the obliquity cycles, expressed in the borehole geophysical logs, to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 103 to 92, independently confirmed by a local benthic oxygen isotope record. Marine and terrestrial palynological and organic geochemical records provide high-resolution reconstructions of relative terrestrial and sea surface temperature (TT and SST), vegetation, relative sea level, and coastal influence.During the prominent cold stages MIS 98 and 96, as well as 94, the record indicates increased non-arboreal vegetation, low SST and TT, and low relative sea level. During the warm stages MIS 99, 97, and 95 we infer increased stratification of the water column together with a higher percentage of arboreal vegetation, high SST, and relative sea level maxima. The early Pleistocene distinct warm-cold alterations are synchronous between land and sea, but lead the relative sea level change by 3000-8000 years. The record provides evPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 398T. H. Donders et al.: Land-sea coupling of early Pleistocene glacial cycles idence for a dominantly Northern Hemisphere-driven cooling that leads the glacial buildup and varies on the obliquity timescale. Southward migration of Arctic surface water masses during glacials, indicated by cool-water dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, is furthermore relevant for the discussion on the relation between the intensity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and ice sheet growth.

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“…This methodology was consequently developed further to force stand-alone threedimensional ice sheet models over the past 1 Myr (Bintanja et al, 2005;De Boer et al, 2013), the past 3 Myr (Bintanja and Van de Wal, 2008), and the past 5 Myr . With this inverse routine, the past 40 Myr were simulated (De Boer et al, 2010) and further analysed (De Boer et al, 2012) using a one-dimensional ice sheet model that calculates all land ice on Earth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ice sheets on temperature during the past 38 million years inferred from a one-dimensional ice sheet–climate model

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Since the inception of the Antarctic ice sheet at the Eocene-Oligocene transition ( ∼ 34 Myr ago), land ice has played a crucial role in Earth's climate. Through feedbacks in the climate system, land ice variability modifies atmospheric temperature changes induced by orbital, topographical, and greenhouse gas variations. Quantification of these feedbacks on long timescales has hitherto scarcely been undertaken. In this study, we use a zonally averaged energy balance climate model bidirectionally coupled to a one-dimensional ice sheet model, capturing the ice-albedo and surface-height-temperature feedbacks. Potentially important transient changes in topographic boundary conditions by tectonics and erosion are not taken into account but are briefly discussed. The relative simplicity of the coupled model allows us to perform integrations over the past 38 Myr in a fully transient fashion using a benthic oxygen isotope record as forcing to inversely simulate CO 2 . Firstly, we find that the results of the simulations over the past 5 Myr are dependent on whether the model run is started at 5 or 38 Myr ago. This is because the relation between CO 2 and temperature is subject to hysteresis. When the climate cools from very high CO 2 levels, as in the longer transient 38 Myr run, temperatures in the lower CO 2 range of the past 5 Myr are higher than when the climate is initialised at low temperatures. Consequently, the modelled CO 2 concentrations depend on the initial state. Taking the realistic warm initialisation into account, we come to a best estimate of CO 2 , temperature, ice-volume-equivalent sea level, and benthic δ 18 O over the past 38 Myr. Secondly, we study the influence of ice sheets on the evolution of global temperature and polar amplification by comparing runs with ice sheet-climate interaction switched on and off. By passing only albedo or surface height changes to the climate model, we can distinguish the separate effects of the ice-albedo and surfaceheight-temperature feedbacks. We find that ice volume variability has a strong enhancing effect on atmospheric temperature changes, particularly in the regions where the ice sheets are located. As a result, polar amplification in the Northern Hemisphere decreases towards warmer climates as there is little land ice left to melt. Conversely, decay of the Antarctic ice sheet increases polar amplification in the Southern Hemisphere in the high-CO 2 regime. Our results also show that in cooler climates than the pre-industrial, the ice-albedo feedback predominates the surface-heighttemperature feedback, while in warmer climates they are more equal in strength.

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A continuous simulation of global ice volume over the past 1 million years with 3-D ice-sheet models

Cited by 92 publications

References 66 publications

Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)

Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial timescales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh v1.0)

Land–sea coupling of early Pleistocene glacial cycles in the southern North Sea exhibit dominant Northern Hemisphere forcing

The influence of ice sheets on temperature during the past 38 million years inferred from a one-dimensional ice sheet–climate model

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