A continuous model of biomass size spectra governed by predation and the effects of fishing on them

Benoît, Éric; Rochet, Marie‐Joëlle

doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00290-x

Cited by 140 publications

(196 citation statements)

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“…1). Hence, specific rates of ingestion and mortality are regulated by the concentration of the food source and biomass, respectively, yielding a density-dependent formulation in the case of mortality, as in, for example, Benoit and Rochet (2004). Use of density-dependent terms, through either resource-limited growth or mortality, is an established way of preventing competitive exclusion in model systems (Brown, 1989;Chesson, 2000).…”

Section: Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic biomass size spectra in shelf and deep-sea sediments

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The biomass distributions of marine benthic metazoans (meio-to macro-fauna, 1 µg-32 mg wet weight) across three contrasting sites were investigated to test the hypothesis that allometry can consistently explain observed trends in biomass spectra. Biomass (and abundance) size spectra were determined from observations made at the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) in the Northeast Atlantic (water depth 1600 m), the Fladen Ground (FG) in the North Sea (150 m), and the hypoxic Oman Margin (OM) in the Arabian Sea (500 m). Observed biomass increased with body size as a power law at FG (scaling exponent, b = 0.16) and FSC (b = 0.32), but less convincingly at OM (b = 0.12 but not significantly different from 0). A simple model was constructed to represent the same 16 metazoan size classes used for the observed spectra, all reliant on a common detrital food pool, and allowing the three key processes of ingestion, respiration and mortality to scale with body size. A micro-genetic algorithm was used to fit the model to observations at the sites. The model accurately reproduces the observed scaling without needing to include the effects of local influences such as hypoxia. Our results suggest that the size-scaling of mortality and ingestion are dominant factors determining the distribution of biomass across the meio-to macrofaunal size range in contrasting marine sediment communities. Both the observations and the model results are broadly in agreement with the "metabolic theory of ecology" in predicting a quarter power scaling of biomass across geometric body size classes.

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Section: Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic biomass size spectra in shelf and deep-sea sediments

et al. 2014

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“…Waves of abundance have been observed in previous models Datta et al 2010) when parameter values were chosen that destabilised the steady state distribution. Adding a plankton bloom has a similar effect, as organisms whose feeding range lies within the plankton spectrum are subject to higher growth rates (Benoît and Rochet 2004;Maury et al 2007a). Here it was observed that seasonal forcing via the reproductive process also pushes the system away from the steady state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Organisms feed upon smaller organisms in both the resource and consumer spectra according to a Gaussian feeding preference function (Table 1, eq. 4), commonly used in modelling predation in marine systems (Benoît and Rochet 2004;Andersen et al 2009;Law et al 2012). Organisms die either from being eaten by larger organisms or from natural causes (this encompasses starvation and natural mortality; see Table 1).…”

Section: Consumer Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of seasonal processes on size spectrum dynamics

Datta

Blanchard

2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Abstract:The recent advent of dynamic size spectrum models has allowed the analysis of life processes in marine ecosystems to be carried out without the high complexity arising from interspecies interactions within dense food webs. In this paper, we use "mizer", a size spectrum modelling framework, to investigate the consequences of including the seasonal processes of plankton blooms and batch spawning in the model dynamics. A multispecies size spectrum model is constructed using 12 common North Sea fish species, with growth, predation, and mortality explicitly modelled, before simulating both seasonal plankton blooms and batch spawning of fish (using empirical data on the spawning patterns of each species). The effect of seasonality on the community size spectrum is investigated; it is found that with seasonal processes included, the species spectra are more varied over time, while the aggregated community spectrum remains fairly similar. Growth of seasonally spawning mature individuals drops significantly during peak reproduction, although lifetime growth curves follow nonseasonal ones closely. On analysing properties of the community spectrum under different fishing scenarios, seasonality generally causes more varied spectrum slopes and lower yields. Under seasonal conditions, increasing fishing effort also results in greater temporal variability of fisheries yields due to truncation of the community spectrum towards smaller sizes. Further work is needed to evaluate robustness of management strategies in the context of a wider range of seasonal processes and behavioural strategies, as well as longer term environmental variability and change.Résumé : L'arrivée récente des modèles de spectres de tailles dynamiques a rendu possible l'analyse de processus biologiques dans des écosystèmes marins sans l'importante complexité découlant des interactions entre espèces au sein de réseaux trophiques denses. Nous utilisons « mizer », un cadre de modélisation des spectres de tailles, pour étudier les conséquences de l'inclusion des processus saisonniers d'éclosion de plancton et de pontes multiples dans la dynamique de ces modèles. Un modèle de spectre de tailles multi-espèces est construit en utilisant 12 espèces de poissons répandues de la mer du Nord, la croissance, la prédation et la mortalité étant modélisées explicitement avant de simuler les processus saisonniers d'éclosion de plancton et de ponte multiple des poissons (en utilisant des données empiriques sur les motifs de frai de chaque espèce). L'effet de la saisonnalité sur le spectre de tailles de la communauté est examiné, et il en ressort que, quand les processus saisonniers sont inclus, les spectres des espèces sont plus variables dans le temps, alors que le spectre agrégé de la communauté ne change pas beaucoup. La croissance des individus matures à frai saisonnier diminue significativement durant la pointe de la reproduction, bien que les courbes de croissance sur toute la vie suivent de près les courbes non saisonnières. L'analyse des propriétés du spectr...

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“…The size-based models with the lowest parameter demands rely on empirical relationships that link body mass, temperature and biological rates to support parameterization (e.g. Benoît and Rochet, 2004;Blanchard et al, Geosci. Model Dev.…”

Section: Model Classes: Size-or Age-based Models 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

A protocol for the intercomparison of marine fishery and ecosystem models: Fish-MIP v1.0

Tittensor¹,

Eddy²,

Lotze³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10. 5194/gmd-2017-209 Manuscript under review for journal Geosci. Model Dev. Abstract. Model intercomparison studies in the climate and earth sciences communities have been crucial to build credibility and coherence for future projections. They have quantified variability among models, spurred model development, contrasted within-and among-model uncertainty, assessed model fits to historical data, and provided ensemble projections of future change under specified scenarios. Given the speed and magnitude of anthropogenic change in the marine environment, and consequent effects on food security, biodiversity, marine industries and society, the time is ripe for 15 similar comparisons among models of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Here, we describe the Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP), a cross-sectoral network of climate impact modellers. Given the complexity of the marine ecosystem, this class of models has substantial heterogeneity of purpose, scope, theoretical underpinning, processes considered, parameterizations, resolution (grain size) and spatial extent. This heterogeneity reflects the lack of a unified 20 understanding of the marine ecosystem, and implies that the assemblage of all models is more likely to include a greater number of relevant processes than is any single model. The current Fish-MIP protocol is designed to allow these heterogeneous models to be forced with common Earth System Model (ESM) CMIP5 outputs under prescribed scenarios for historic (from 1950s) and future (to 2100) time periods; it will be adapted to CMIP6 in future iterations. It also describes a standardized set of outputs for each participating Fish-MIP model to produce. This enables the broad characterization of 25 differences between, and uncertainties within, models and projections when assessing climate and fisheries impacts on marine ecosystems and the services they provide. The systematic generation, collation and comparison of results from Fish-MIP will inform understanding of the range of plausible changes in marine ecosystems, and improve our capacity to define and convey strengths and weaknesses of model-based advice on future states of marine ecosystems and fisheries. Ultimately, Fish-MIP represents a step towards bringing together the marine ecosystem modelling community to produce consistent 30 ensemble medium-and long-term projections of marine ecosystems.

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A continuous model of biomass size spectra governed by predation and the effects of fishing on them

Cited by 140 publications

References 45 publications

Benthic biomass size spectra in shelf and deep-sea sediments

Benthic biomass size spectra in shelf and deep-sea sediments

The effects of seasonal processes on size spectrum dynamics

A protocol for the intercomparison of marine fishery and ecosystem models: Fish-MIP v1.0

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