A Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Additive Manufacturing Processing Based on PET Fiber and PLA

Yao, Yuan; Li, Meng; Lackner, Maximilian; Lammer, Herfried

doi:10.3390/ma13143044

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The parts were printed at the temperature of 210 • C, 5 mm/s speed, and 0.3 mm layer thickness. These parameters refer to the experiment of Li et al [30]. The length, width and height of the model are 35 mm, 17 mm, and 9 mm.…”

Section: Model Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Objects with Continuous Spatial Paths by a Multi-Axis Robotic FFF Platform

2021

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Conventional Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) equipment can only deposit materials in a single direction, limiting the strength of printed products. Robotic 3D printing provides more degrees of freedom (DOF) to control the material deposition and has become a trend in additive manufacturing. However, there is little discussion on the strength effect of multi-DOF printing. This paper presents an efficient process framework for multi-axis 3D printing based on the robot to improve the strength. A multi-DOF continuous toolpath planning method is designed to promote the printed part’s strength and surface quality. We generate curve layers along the model surfaces and fill Fermat spiral in the layers. The method makes it possible to take full advantage of the multi-axis robot arm to achieve smooth printing on surfaces with high curvature and avoid the staircase effect and collision in the process. To further improve print quality, a control strategy is provided to synchronize the material extrusion and robot arm movement. Experiments show that the tensile strength increases by 22–167% compared with the conventional flat slicing method for curved-surface parts. The surface quality is improved by eliminating the staircase effect. The continuous toolpath planning also supports continuous fiber-reinforced printing without a cutting device. Finally, we compared with other multi-DOF printing, the application scenarios, and limitations are given.

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Section: Model Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Objects with Continuous Spatial Paths by a Multi-Axis Robotic FFF Platform

2021

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“…Most synthetic fibres can be produced in a well-aligned continuous format able to achieve high performance in FRP for engineering applications, whereas NF are limited by the characteristic dimensions of their source and can only be processed into relatively long, aligned, discontinuous fibres. However, to employ aligned continuous fibres to the manufacture of composites is labour intensive, and incurs high environmental impact and cost during production [ 13 , 14 ]. On the other hand, composites produced in this manner may exhibit high mechanical performance, even comparable to continuous fibre composites, when a high degree of alignment is achieved with fibres of lengths greater than the critical fibre length [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Fibres as a Sustainable Reinforcement Constituent in Aligned Discontinuous Polymer Composites Produced by the HiPerDiF Method

et al. 2021

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Sustainable fibre reinforced polymer composites have drawn significant attention in many industrial sectors as a means for overcoming issues with end-of-life regulations and other environmental concerns. Plant based natural fibres are considered to be the most suitable reinforcement for sustainable composites since they are typically from renewable resources, are cheap, and are biodegradable. In this study, a number of plant based natural fibres-curaua, flax, and jute fibres-are used to reinforce epoxy, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polypropylene (PP) matrices to form aligned discontinuous natural fibre reinforced composites (ADNFRC). The novel HiPerDiF (high performance discontinuous fibre) method is used to produce high performance ADNFRC. The tensile mechanical, fracture, and physical (density, porosity, water absorption, and fibre volume fraction) properties of these composites are reported. In terms of stiffness, epoxy and PP ADNFRC exhibit similar properties, but epoxy ADNFRC shows increased strength compared to PP ADNFRC. It was found that PLA ADNFRC had the poorest mechanical performance of the composites tested, due principally to the limits of the polymer matrix. Moreover, curaua, flax (French origin), and jute fibres are found to be promising reinforcements owing to their mechanical performance in epoxy and PP ADNFRC. However, only flax fibre with desirable fibre length is considered to be the best reinforcement constituent for future sustainable ADNFRC studies in terms of mechanical performance and current availability on the market, particularly for the UK and EU.

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“…In fused deposition modelling, recent studies show that the use of continuous carbon fibrereinforced thermoplastics improves the mechanical properties of the model compared to different approaches like the use of additive of short fibres [8,12]. Yao et al [14] employed a continuous toolpath planning strategy for fused filament fabrication that not only reduced the post-processing time but also supported material recycling and reuse. When it comes to scaffold fabrication, it is very important to minimize the number of start and stop points, as they cause material agglomeration, which does not satisfy the Tissue Engineering goals [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Continuous Hybrid Zig-zag and Contour Paths For 3D Printing

Gómez¹,

Cortés²,

Creus³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The generation of the printing paths is a decisive step in additive manufacturing (AM). There is a variety of patterns that offer different characteristics, but those that are strictly continuous become especially relevant in certain types of AM by extrusion, with materials like bioinks, carbon or clays, since they do not allow the retraction of the material and travelling movements result in the generation of artefacts. In this work, we present (1) a method that generates continuous paths to fill 2D polygons with a hybrid zig-zag and contour pattern with any direction and line separation,which is based on the extension of an algorithm that decomposes the 2D area to be filled into convex areas, (2) a method to join the subpolygon trajectories such that a continuous path that fills the whole polygon is obtained, and (3) a publicly available dataset of 2D polygons that are relevant to test the performance of the algorithms.

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A Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Additive Manufacturing Processing Based on PET Fiber and PLA

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

3D Printing of Objects with Continuous Spatial Paths by a Multi-Axis Robotic FFF Platform

3D Printing of Objects with Continuous Spatial Paths by a Multi-Axis Robotic FFF Platform

Natural Fibres as a Sustainable Reinforcement Constituent in Aligned Discontinuous Polymer Composites Produced by the HiPerDiF Method

Generation of Continuous Hybrid Zig-zag and Contour Paths For 3D Printing

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