A continuous esterification of malonic acid with citronellol using packed bed reactor: Investigation of parameter and kinetics study

Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis

“…Among the 126 articles that WOS provides based on the searches “lipase” + “ester synthesis” + “packed bed reactor” and “lipase” + “ester synthesis “ + “fluidized bed reactor”, the manual screening has allowed for the selection of the 22 shown in Table 6 [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ], which describe ester-synthesis processes with applications in cosmetics, using the packed-bed reactor in 18 of them and the fluidized bed reactor in only 4 of them, the latter corresponding to the most recent publications.…”

“…Esters synthesized in tubular reactors are used as emollients [ 106 , 108 , 109 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 126 ], fragrances [ 110 , 116 , 119 , 123 ], surfactants [ 105 , 107 , 112 , 118 , 124 , 125 ], or active ingredients [ 111 ]. The biocatalysts used are the same as those employed in the tank reactors.…”

“…The biocatalysts used are the same as those employed in the tank reactors. Noteworthy is the greater presence of in-lab immobilized lipases [ 110 , 114 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 125 , 126 ]. These data are important as they indicate that the authors are trying to introduce modifications to the traditional processes using the tank reactor, which is displayed not only in the attempt to avoid the use of commercial immobilized enzymes, but also in novel reactor configurations that include recirculation [ 107 , 114 , 119 , 120 , 124 , 126 ] or batch use with reuses [ 115 , 122 ].…”

Continuous flow synthesis of L-menthyl glyoxylate monohydrate: an important intermediate in the manufacture of antiretrovirals

“…In recent years, this technology has emerged as a cost effective alternative compared to batch, due to its well-documented advantages. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Indeed the group has already completed the synthesis of lamivudine and emtricitabine in flow, 7 where we identified the need to produce the starting LMGH ourselves at lower cost.…”

“…Interestingly, recent literature has demonstrated esterification in continuous flow systems. 3,6,19,20 Unlike in batch, where reaction equilibrium can be shifted towards the desired product by the removal of the water by-product, the reaction rate in flow is often only dependent on temperature, mole equivalents of the reactants and catalyst amount. 9,[21][22][23] Consequently, there are few examples of homogeneous acid catalyzed Fischer esterification in flow owing to high equilibrium constant circumventing challenges.…”