A Continuous Biodiesel Production Process Using a Chaotic Mixer-Reactor

Boukhalkhal, Ahmed Lamine; Kadi, Mohamed El Amine; Lasbet, Yahia; Loubar, Khaled; Awad, Sary; Makhlouf, Mohammed; Tazerout, Mohand

doi:10.1007/s12649-019-00880-x

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, it is widely accepted that fossil fuel leads to large greenhouse gas emissions 1 and particulate matter causing environmental consequences. Alternative non-petroleum-based fuels such as biodiesel have received considerable attention recently due to the fact it is renewable, which is more environmentally-friendly than petroleum-derived diesel fuels in terms of reducing exhaust emissions and high biodegradability 2 . Biodiesel is a compound of mono-alkyl esters derived from various types of vegetable oils, lard, waste cooking oil (WCO), and unicellular or multicellular plants including certain species of algae 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus based on household food blender for continuous biodiesel production for small communities

Wongjaikham

Wongsawaeng

Ratnitsai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil costs and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1200 W high-efficiency food blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62–63 °C, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 × 10–4 g/J (for palm oil) and 19.39 × 10–4 g/J (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household food blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus based on household food blender for continuous biodiesel production for small communities

Wongjaikham

Wongsawaeng

Ratnitsai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The research field of chaotic system analysis and control has seen rapid development in recent years. The chaos appears in many mechanical and electrical systems such as lasers, nonlinear optical systems, optimization techniques, biological systems, chemical reactions, cancer treatments, fluids flow, moreover, many other applications [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Practically, the chaos and bifurcation are harmful to these systems as they can lead them to be unstable or make undesirable behavior, so control techniques and methodologies are required to reduce or eliminate the harmful chaotic effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Period-doubling bifurcation analysis and chaos control for load torque using FLC

Moustafa

Sobaih

Abozalam

et al. 2021

Complex Intell. Syst.

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Chaotic phenomena are observed in several practical and scientific fields; however, the chaos is harmful to systems as they can lead them to be unstable. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze the bifurcation of permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor and develop a controller that can suppress chaotic behavior resulted from parameter variation such as the loading effect. The nonlinear behaviors of PMDC motors were investigated by time-domain waveform, phase portrait, and Floquet theory. By varying the load torque, a period-doubling bifurcation appeared which in turn led to chaotic behavior in the system. So, a fuzzy logic controller and developing the Floquet theory techniques are applied to eliminate the bifurcation and the chaos effects. The controller is used to enhance the performance of the system by getting a faster response without overshoot or oscillation, moreover, tends to reduce the steady-state error while maintaining its stability. The simulation results emphasize that fuzzy control provides better performance than that obtained from the other controller.

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“…However, it is widely accepted that fossil fuel leads to large greenhouse gas emissions [1] and particulate matter causing environmental consequences. Alternative nonpetroleum-based fuels such as biodiesel has received considerable attentions recently due to the fact it is renewable, which is more environmentally-friendly than petroleum-derived diesel fuels in terms of reducing the exhaust emissions and high biodegradability [2]. Biodiesel is a compound of mono-alkyl esters derived from various types of vegetable oils, lard, waste cooking oil (WCO), and unicellular or multicellular plants including certain species of algae [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Alternative Biodiesel Production Apparatus Based on Household Food Blender for Continuous Biodiesel Production for Small Communities

Wongjaikham

Wongsawaeng

Ratnitsai

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil cost and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1,200 W high efficiency fruit blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2,000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62 - 63oC, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for palm oil) and 19.39 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household fruit blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

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A Continuous Biodiesel Production Process Using a Chaotic Mixer-Reactor

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus based on household food blender for continuous biodiesel production for small communities

Low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus based on household food blender for continuous biodiesel production for small communities

Period-doubling bifurcation analysis and chaos control for load torque using FLC

Low-Cost Alternative Biodiesel Production Apparatus Based on Household Food Blender for Continuous Biodiesel Production for Small Communities

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