A Context-Driven Model for the Flat Roofs Construction Process through Sensing Systems, Internet-of-Things and Last Planner System

Abstract

The main causes of building defects are errors in the design and the construction phases. These causes related to construction are mainly due to the general lack of control of construction work and represent approximately 75% of the anomalies. In particular, one of the main causes of such anomalies, which end in building defects, is the lack of control over the physical variables of the work environment during the execution of tasks. Therefore, the high percentage of defects detected in buildings that have the root cause in the construction phase could be avoidable with a more accurate and efficient control of the process. The present work proposes a novel integration model based on information and communications technologies for the automation of both construction work and its management at the execution phase, specifically focused on the flat roof construction process. Roofs represent the second area where more defects are claimed. The proposed model is based on a Web system, supported by a service oriented architecture, for the integral management of tasks through the Last Planner System methodology, but incorporating the management of task restrictions from the physical environment variables by designing specific sensing systems. Likewise, all workers are integrated into the management process by Internet-of-Things solutions that guide them throughout the execution process in a non-intrusive and transparent way.

Gestão de Recursos Humanos: Comparação das Competências Hard Skills e Soft Skills Listadas na Literatura, com a Percepção das Empresas e Especialistas da Indústria 4.0

“…Embora o papel do ser humano no cenário da Indústria 4.0 não esteja visivelmente definido (KRUGH; MEARS, 2018) sabe-se que suas tarefas desempenham-se em ambientes tecnológicos cada vez mais complexos (BREMER, 2015;HAMIS;MURA, 2017), com demandas de amplas competências (QUINT; SEBASTIAN; GORECKY, 2015;BENEŠOVÁ;TUPA, 2018) confrontando-se com novas tarefas que exigem elevada qualificação (FALCK;SCHÜLLER, 2016;WAIBEL et al, 2017). Estabelecendo a formação profissional e acadêmica (WILKESMANN; WILKESMANN, 2018), a interação homem-máquina (ANDÚJAR-MONTOYA et al, 2017;FLEISCHMANN;FRANKE, 2016;KOCH et al, 2017;PERUZZINI;PELLICCIARI, 2017;FANTINI;PINZONE;TAISCH, 2018), a adaptação ao ambiente em constante mudança (KULYK; PARMOVÁ, 2017) e a capacitação dos trabalhadores em competências digitais (HANNOLA et al, 2018;NYIKES, 2018) representam fatores-chaves para o sucesso na prática e implementação da Indústria 4.0.…”

Calculation of the Risk of Lawsuits over Construction Flaws in Flat Roofs

“…The aforementioned results lead the authors to understand that roof designs in Spain should be especially careful about their technical prescriptions and, specifically, about substantially improving [47] aspects related to tail-ends which may lead to infiltrations and entry of water, as also occurs in other countries [15]. In this regard, for [48], the main reasons for problems in buildings are defects in the design stage and in the execution stage, representing the great portion of subsequent construction flaws. They found, indeed, that flaws caused by the materials themselves, by poor usage during the service life, and by atmospheric agents represent a much smaller percentage of the total.…”

Building Information Modeling (BIM) En Proyectos de Infraestructura Civil

“…Sin embargo, la escasez y brecha tecnológica es una constante en el sector que contribuye al ineficiente desempeño general de la industria de la construcción, promoviendo nuevamente la hermeticidad de la información, duplicidades y errores y en última instancia falta de transparencia durante el proceso constructivo (Andújar-Montoya et al, 2017). Si bien la tecnología representa uno de los principales aliados de las empresas para optimizar los recursos, la utilización de estos avances tecnológicos en la industria de la construcción sigue siendo bastante baja (Choo & Tommelein, 2001).…”