“…For example, the heterogeneity issue, due to the existence of heterogeneous information sources, has required sophisticated solutions to associate metadata to the collected data in order to correctly interpret the results. Semantically enriched metadata -formalized through ontologies using the semantic web languages -inside increasingly large collection of heterogeneous data have arisen the need for efficiently dealing with large ontologies, spawning new research fields, such as, knowledge representation and retrieval (Albanese et al, 2005;Rinaldi, 2008;Rinaldi, 2014), ontology matching and integration (Euzenat et al, 2007), partitioning (Amato et al, 2015b;Amato et al, 2015a), reuse (Modoni et al, 2015), versioning and maintenance (Flouris et al, 2006). A description of the existing solutions that deal with the other technological challenges of Big Data is out of the scope of this paper.…”