A content analysis of smoking craving

Shadel, William G.; Niaura, Raymond; Brown, Richard A.; Hutchison, Kent E.; Abrams, David B.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(200101)57:1<145::aid-jclp15>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Whilst craving is undoubtedly a complex construct (see, e.g., Shadel et al, 2001;Shiffman et al, 2004), single-item indices such as this have been found to be as sensitive and reliable as multi-item measures (West and Ussher, 2010) and have the practical benefits of simplicity and brevity.…”

Section: Clinical and Experimental Indices Assessed After 12 Hours Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse to smoking during unaided cessation: clinical, cognitive and motivational predictors

et al. 2010

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Rationale: Neurobiological models of addiction suggest that abnormalities of brain reward circuitry distort salience attribution and inhibitory control processes, which in turn contribute to high relapse rates. Objectives:To determine whether impairments of salience attribution and inhibitory control predict relapse in a pharmacologically unaided attempt at smoking cessation.Methods: 141 smokers were assessed on indices of nicotine consumption / dependence (e.g. the FTND, cigarettes per day, salivary cotinine), and three trait impulsivity measures. After overnight abstinence they completed experimental tests of cue reactivity, attentional bias to smoking cues, response to financial reward, motor impulsiveness, and response inhibition (antisaccades). They then started a quit attempt with follow-up after 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months; abstinence was verified via salivary cotinine levels ≤ 20ng/ml. Results:Relapse rates at each point were 52.5%, 64% and 76.3%. The strongest predictor was pre-cessation salivary cotinine; other smoking / dependence indices did not explain additional outcome variance and neither did trait impulsivity. All experimental indices except responsivity to financial reward significantly predicted one week outcome. Salivary cotinine, attentional bias to smoking cues and antisaccade errors explained unique as well as shared variance. At one and three months, salivary cotinine, motor impulsiveness and cue reactivity were all individually predictive; the effects of salivary cotinine and motor impulsiveness were additive.Conclusions: These data provide some support for the involvement of abnormal cognitive and motivational processes in sustaining smoking dependence and suggest that they might be a focus of interventions, especially in the early stages of cessation.2

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Section: Clinical and Experimental Indices Assessed After 12 Hours Abmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse to smoking during unaided cessation: clinical, cognitive and motivational predictors

et al. 2010

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“…Researchers have identified a strong cognitive component to nicotine cravings, characterized by a thought, thought process, or an expectation of the consequences of smoking (Shadel et al 2001). Smokers are more likely to lapse after experiencing intense, persistent and distressing cravings (Shiffman et al 1997a;Shiffman et al 1996;Shiffman et al 1997b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Lessons Learned from Obsessions: Metacognitive Processes in Smoking Cessation

Nosen

Woody

2007

Cogn Ther Res

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Cognitive theories of obsessions propose that unwanted thoughts become frequent, intense and persistent when people interpret them in personally meaningful ways and attempt to control them through thought suppression. The present study examined the generalizability of this model to another form of unwanted, actively resisted intrusion--nicotine cravings. In this investigation, 180 individuals attempting to quit smoking completed several online questionnaires. In line with cognitive theories, individuals who appraised their cravings as more catastrophic and personally significant experienced more severe craving-related thoughts and were more likely to be smoking one month later; these effects remained after accounting for several established predictors of cessation difficulty. Contrary to expectation, tendency to suppress unwanted thoughts was not a significant factor. Overall, findings complement existing work on the role of anxiety sensitivity in smoking behaviour and implicate personally meaningful appraisals of smoking-related thoughts, images and impulses in cessation difficulty.

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“…The free listing method is an open-ended task that has smokers generate a list of adjectives and phrases related to their own craving experience. This method has been followed in previous research by Shadel, Niaura, Brown, Hutchison, and Abrams (2001), who performed content analysis of 42 smokers' descriptions of their cravings. Their list of descriptors was used in developing the instrument for this study.…”

Section: Mds Instrument Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location and longing: The nicotine craving experience in virtual reality

Carter

Bordnick

Traylor

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Considerable research suggests that cigarette craving is complex, with psychological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects that are inadequately captured by typical craving assessments that focus on level of severity. That is, the experience of craving, for cigarette smokers, remains poorly understood. This study immersed smokers in different virtual reality (VR) scenarios (with and without cigarette cues present), collected detailed craving assessments, and analyzed the data using a multidimensional analytic approach. Non-treatment-seeking, nicotine dependent smokers (N = 22) experienced two different virtual reality scenarios, one with cigarette cues and one without, and rated 24 descriptors related to craving. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) models demonstrate that smokers' experience of craving is qualitatively, structurally different under VR smoking cue conditions versus neutral conditions. This finding sheds new light on the complexity of craving as well as implications for its measurement.

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A content analysis of smoking craving

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Relapse to smoking during unaided cessation: clinical, cognitive and motivational predictors

Relapse to smoking during unaided cessation: clinical, cognitive and motivational predictors

Applying Lessons Learned from Obsessions: Metacognitive Processes in Smoking Cessation

Location and longing: The nicotine craving experience in virtual reality

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