A Content Analysis of Counselor Education and Supervision: The Formative Years

Abstract

Counselor Education and Supervision originated in 1961. Changes in content of the ensuing 25 volumes are indicative of the evolution of the profession. The content of the articles, volumes 0 through 25, was analyzed, producing 51 categories and five cross-referenced categories. Data on authors and type of counselor for whom the article was written were gathered. The discussion of results emphasizes the differences between recent and early volumes of the journal.The founder and first editor of Counselor Education and Supemision (CES), Kenneth B. Hoyt (1986), presents in this issue a frank description of the early years of the journal. These years were marked by momentous growth and change in the training of counselors. School counseling was considered a new profession (Hill, 1964), and many practicing school counselors were viewed as having little training (Patterson, 1963). With funds from the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) of 1958, the number of school counselors increased from 12,000 in 1958-1959 to 33,000 in 1964-1965 (Shertzer 8c Stone, 1971). Beginning in 1959, faculty members and administrators of colleges and universities hurried to develop programs to meet the impending need for school counselors. The development of programs was so rapid that questions arose concerning the qualifications of the educators who staffed these programs (Hoyt, 1986;Litwack, 1964;Richardson, 1968).There were disagreements between educators and counseling psychologists concerning the training requirements for school counselors (Pepinsky, Hill-Frederick, & Epperson, 1978;Peters, 1962;Whiteley, 1984 Stripling & Dugan, 1961). The March 1986 issue of CES culminates the 25th year of the journal. The journal has provided a medium through which those who represent the field exchange ideas and knowledge. The articles in the journal serve as an expression of the needs, beliefs, and intentions of the individuals involved in the education and supervision of counselors. In this study I conducted a content analysis of the articles in volumes 0 through 25. The purpose is to describe the evolution of the journal's content. One must remember that the profession was in the beginning stage in the 1960s and that the content changes in the journal are indicative of the development and identity of the profession. There are other sources, including journals, that contain information about the field. No other source, however, represents the field or contains as much consecutive input to this one area as CES.Based on the advice of Holsti (1969) for determining the categories for a content analysis, I conducted a literature review. Articles on topics and categories for the Journal of Counseling Psychology (Munley, 1974; Pepinski et al., 1978), the Journal of College Student Personnel (Hood, Hull, & Mines, 1979), and the Journal of Educational Psychology (Ball, 1984) were found. The category systems in each case, however, were not relevant for the types of articles in CES. Gade and Zaccaria (1966) reviewed the first four volumes of CES and spec...

Multiculturalism, Diversity, and Social Advocacy: A 17‐Year Content Analysis of Counselor Education and Supervision

“…Content analysis of professional counseling journals is a long-standing form of research directed at advancing both knowledge and understanding of the profession. Hosie (1986) conducted a content analysis of the first 25 volumes of CES; this analysis was followed by an analysis of the major contributors during the same period (Hosie, Poret, Lauck, & Rosier, 1986). Past analyses of the American Counseling Association's (ACA) flagship journal, the Journal of Counseling & Development (JCD), examined various trends and the changes in types of articles over various times (Pelsma & Cesari, 1989;Williams & Buboltz, 1999).…”

“…This type of trend analysis would allow for further explication of the time studied with comparison of the data (cf. Hosie, 1986). This approach might offer a more comprehensive and in-depth overview of the time studied and, perhaps, a more holistic review of trends and emphasis areas.…”

Silver to Gold: The Alchemy, Potential, and Maturing of ACES and CES

“…The emphasis on facilitation of development is unmistakable throughout the AACD charter and the information brochure series (AACD, 1984) used to educate the public regarding who counselors are and what they do. One could also define counselor education and supervision in terms of what has been published in CES (Hosie, 1986).…”

“…Increased leisure time (less time required at formal work settings) has also been projected (Gysbers & Associates, 1984;Herr, 1985;Yankelovich & Immerwahr, 1984). Curiously, Hosie's (1986) thorough review of CES in this issue revealed very little emphasis on career development or career counseling. Perhaps CES should focus more attention on these and related topics.…”

Group Counseling With United States Racial Minority Groups: A 25-Year Content Analysis

“…A content analysis is one approach used by scholars to review the scholarship of that profession (Nilsson et al, 2003). Content analyses of counseling journal articles can provide insight into the professions' scholarly work for themes and trends related to areas such as racial and sexual minority research (e.g., Clark & Serovich, 1997;Perez, Constantine, & Gerard, 2000;Phillips, Ingram, Smith, & Mindes, 2003), rehabilitation counseling (Bergland, 1988), multicultural counseling competencies (Worthington, SothMcNett, & Moreno, 2007), publications of women counselors (Tryon, 1981b), counselor education faculties (Baruth & Miller, 1977), or for specific journals during a given time period (e.g., Hosie, 1986;Nilsson, Love, Taylor, & Slusher, 2007;Pelsma & Cesari, 1989;Tkac & Zimpfer, 1992;Weinrach, Lustig, Chan, & Thomas, 1998;Williams & Buboltz, 1999). Williams and Buboltz (1999) conducted a content analysis of articles published in the Journal of Counseling & Development (JCD) spanning a 9-year period (1988 vol.…”