A Contemporary Review of Trachea, Nose, and Ear Cartilage Bioengineering and Additive Manufacturing
Max Feng,
Khwaja Hamzah Ahmed,
Nihal Punjabi
et al.
Abstract:The complex structure, chemical composition, and biomechanical properties of craniofacial cartilaginous structures make them challenging to reconstruct. Autologous grafts have limited tissue availability and can cause significant donor-site morbidity, homologous grafts often require immunosuppression, and alloplastic grafts may have high rates of infection or displacement. Furthermore, all these grafting techniques require a high level of surgical skill to ensure that the reconstruction matches the original st… Show more
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