“…In EBID (rather than EBIED), it gives rise to sub-linear dependencies of growth rates on electron flux [24,27,31], and leads to lateral broadening of the structures grown (i.e., reduces resolution), as has been demonstrated by measurements [27] and simulations [24] of the diameters of pillars grown by stationary electron beams. In extreme cases, adsorbate depletion results in the growth of broad rings around the electron beam [26], an effect often encountered during 'contamination buildup' in electron microscopy, where precursor transport is typically dominated by the surface diffusion of residual hydrocarbon adsorbates [31][32][33][34].…”