A contact-insensitive subpopulation in Syrian hamster cell cultures with a greater susceptibility to chemically induced neoplastic transformation.

Nakano, Susumu; Ueo, Hiroaki; Bruce, Sarah A.; Ts’o, Paul O. P.

doi:10.1073/pnas.82.15.5005

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Experimental evidence with mouse skin cells is consistent with such a hypothesis. The observations of Nakano et al (42), that only a small subset of cells in Syrian hamster embryos is able to be neoplastically transformed, also is consistent with the hypothesis. Moreover, stemlike cells have recently been isolated from normal human kidney (51) and breast epithelial tissue (52).…”

Section: No One Thing Causes Cancer: Carcinogenesis As a Multistep Musupporting

confidence: 77%

Adverse effect of air pollution on respiratory health of primary school children in Taiwan.

Chen

Lai

Wang

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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This study is a part of the Study On Air Pollution and Health In Taiwan (SOAP&HIT), an ongoing research project involving cooperation of several universities in Taiwan. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory symptoms and diseases of school children, in addition to considering indoor air pollution. Six communities were selected: one community located in a rural area (Taihsi), two in urban areas (Keelung and Sanchung), and the other three in petrochemical industrial areas (Toufen, Jenwu, and Linyuan). We sampled 5,072 primary school students in six communities from the main study population of SOAP&HIT. Respiratory health was assessed by evaluation of the children's respiratory symptoms and diseases using a parent-completed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis to compute odds ratios of adverse effect. The school children in the urban communities had significantly more respiratory symptoms (day or night cough, chronic cough, shortness of breath, and nasal symptoms) and diseases (sinusitis, wheezing or asthma, allergic rhinitis, and bronchitis) when compared with those living in the rural community. However, only nasal symptoms of children living in the petrochemical communities were more prevalent than in those living in the rural community. Although the association with ambient air pollution is suggestive, the cross-sectional study cannot confirm a causal relationship; thus further studies are needed.

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Section: No One Thing Causes Cancer: Carcinogenesis As a Multistep Musupporting

confidence: 77%

Adverse effect of air pollution on respiratory health of primary school children in Taiwan.

Chen

Lai

Wang

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Taking together the Nakano et al () and Land et al () observations, it was thought that, possibly, the reason one could not neoplastically transformed human primary fibroblast or epithelial cells in vitro was because these cultures lost their few adult stem cells. In other words, if carcinogenesis had to have a few adult stem cells in the culture, yet the manner in which these cultures were grown [high oxygen tension (Csete, ; Pervaiz et al, ; Mohyeldin et al, ), high calcium levels (Kolly et al, )], and on plastic surfaces, these adult stem cells might have been eliminated.…”

Section: Human Carcinogenesis: Is the Origin Of Cancers Due To The Prmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The observation by Tsao and his coworkers (Nakano et al, ) performed experiments to answer the question: “Why was there no consistency in the neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells? Ultimately, it seemed that the answer resided in the fact that, in some cultures, in which one could see “contact‐insensitive” cells, were the ones that would give rise to neoplastically transformed cells, whereas, in cultures that did not have clones of contact‐insensitive cells, one never found neoplastic transformed cells.…”

Section: Human Carcinogenesis: Is the Origin Of Cancers Due To The Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of iPS Cells and of Cancer Stem Cells: The Stem Cell or Reprogramming Hypothesis of Cancer?

Trosko

2013

The Anatomical Record

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This article as designed to examine whether the "stoichiometric" or "elite models" of the origin of the "induced pluripotent stem" (iPS) cells fits some experiment facts from the developmental biology of adult stem cells and from the field of cancer research. In brief, since the evidence presented to support the stoichiometric model failed to recognize the factual existence of adult organ specific stem cells, the model has not been rigorously tested. In addition, the demonstration of a subset of cells (MUSE cells) in normal primary in vitro cultures of human fibroblasts (the usual source of iPS cells) seems to be the origin of the iPS cells. Moreover, from the field of carcinogenesis, the "stem cell" versus "dedifferentiation" or "reprogramming" hypotheses were examined. Again, using the role of glycolysis, known to be associated with the Warburg effect in cancer cells, a list of experiments showing that (a) normal stem cells, which have few mitochondria, metabolize via glycolysis; (b) the stem cells are targets for "initiation" or "immortalization" or the blockage of differentiation and apoptosis of the stem cells by "immortalizing viruses"; (c) Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), when expressed, is associated with glycolysis and therefore, must be expressed in normal adult stem cells, as well as in cancer cells; and (d) p53, depleted or rendered dysfunctional by SV40 Large T antigen, is associated with the reduction of mitochondrial function and mass and is associated with the Warburg effect. Together, these observations from the iPS and "cancer stem cell" fields support the idea that both iPS cells and cancer stem cell are derived from adult organ-specific stem cells that do not restore or switch their metabolism of glucose from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis but, rather, in both cases, the adult stem cell, which metabolizes by glycolysis, is prevented from differentiation or from metabolizing by oxidative phosphorylation. Anat Rec,

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“…The insight that shaped our original approach to isolate normal adult stem cells from normal tissues came from a valuable observation made by Nakano et al [69]. In order to explain the inconsistencies in the field of in vitro transformation of the Syrian hamster embryo cells, this group noticed that only cultures, containing "contactinsensitive" cells, were neoplastically transformable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Commentary: “Re-Programming or Selecting Adult Stem Cells?”

Trosko

2008

Stem Cell Rev

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The recent observations that embryonic stemness-associated genes could assist in the "de-differentiation" of adult skin fibroblast cells to "embryonic-like stem cells", using the "somatic cell nuclear transfer" techniques, have been interpreted as indicating a "re-programming" of genes. These reports have demonstrated a "proof of principle" approach to by-pass many, but not all, of the ethical, scientific and medical limitations of the "therapeutic cloning" of embryonic stem cells from embryos. However, while the interpretation that real "re-programming" of all those somatic fibroblastic differentiation genes might be correct, there does exists an alternative hypothesis of these exciting results. Based on the fact that multipotent adult stem cells exist in most, if not all, adult organs, the possibility exists that all these recent "re-programming" results, using the somatic nuclear transfer techniques, actually were the results of transferred rare nuclear material from the adult stem cells residing in the skin of the mouse, monkey and human samples. An examination of the rationale for this challenging hypothesis has been drawn from the hypothesis of the "stem cell theory of cancer", as well as from the field of human adult stem cells research.

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A contact-insensitive subpopulation in Syrian hamster cell cultures with a greater susceptibility to chemically induced neoplastic transformation.

Abstract: We previously have identified a subpopulation of contact-insensitive (CS-)

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Adverse effect of air pollution on respiratory health of primary school children in Taiwan.

Adverse effect of air pollution on respiratory health of primary school children in Taiwan.

Induction of iPS Cells and of Cancer Stem Cells: The Stem Cell or Reprogramming Hypothesis of Cancer?

Commentary: “Re-Programming or Selecting Adult Stem Cells?”

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