A constraint on light primordial black holes from the interstellar medium temperature

Abstract

Primordial black holes are a viable dark matter candidate. They decay via Hawking evaporation. Energetic particles from the Hawking radiation interact with interstellar gas, depositing their energy as heat and ionization. For a sufficiently high Hawking temperature, fast electrons produced by black holes deposit a substantial fraction of energy as heat through the Coulomb interaction. Using the dwarf galaxy Leo T, we place an upper bound on the fraction of primordial black hole dark matter. For M < 5 × 10 −17 M , our bound is competitive with or stronger than other bounds.

Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate

“…This constraint can be tightened by a factor of O(10) by taking into account the contribution of known astrophysical sources, such as blazars [176]. There are also similar constraints from the damping of CMB anisotropies due to energy injection during recombination [153,154], from heating of neutral hydrogen, as probed by the EDGES measurements of 21cm absorption [156] and also from heating of the interstellar medium in dwarf galaxies [155].…”

“…The transit of a PBH through a carbon/oxygen white dwarf will lead to localized heating by dynamical friction, which could ignite the carbon and potentially cause a runaway explosion [181,182]. Reference [182] again finds that [55], CMB [153,154], dwarf galaxy heating [155], EDGES 21cm [156], Voyager e ± [157], 511 keV gamma-ray line [158,159] and the MeV Galactic diffuse flux [160]. Top middle: Gravitational lensing constraints on compact objects (Sec.…”

“…Top left: Evaporation constraints on PBHs (Sec. III A): extragalactic gamma-ray background[55], CMB[153,154], dwarf galaxy heating[155], EDGES 21cm[156], Voyager e ±[157], 511 keV gamma-ray line[158,159] and the MeV Galactic diffuse flux[160]. Top middle: Gravitational lensing constraints on compact objects (Sec.…”

Primordial black holes from bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition

“…The constraints from gravitational lensing [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] are relevant in the PBH mass range of 10 −10 M -10 M , corresponding to 100 MeV ∼ < T * ∼ < 10 TeV. f PBH for PBH mass below 10 −16 M (roughly T * ∼ > 10 7 GeV) is strongly contrained, since PBHs in this mass range evaporate and can leave signals in various channels [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87].…”

Physics Beyond the Standard Model with BlackHawk v2.0

“…The previous version of the manual can be found on the arXiv [34] (v2), while the code is publicly available on HEPForge: https://blackhawk.hepforge.org/ The code has been recently presented to the TOOLS 2020 conference [35]. BlackHawk is used by many groups from very different domains of astrophysics and cosmology to perform striking studies including, to the knowledge of the authors, evolution of BHs spin [36], EGRB constraints with extended mass distributions and spinning BHs [37] or with higher dimensional Schwarzschild BHs [38], electron and positrons signals from the galaxy with the 511 keV line [39,40], current [41] or prospective [42] X-ray limits, neutrino constraints from Super-Kamiokande [40], JUNO [43] or prospective neutrino detectors [44,45], gamma ray constraints from INTEGRAL [46], COMPTEL with improved lowenergy secondary particles treatment [12], prospective AMEGO instrument [12,47], LHASSO [48] or fine modelisation of the Galaxy [49], prediction of signals from Planet 9 within the PBH hypothesis [50], archival galactic center radio observations [51], interstellar medium temperature in dwarf galaxies [52][53][54] or 21 cm measurements by EDGES with Schwarzschild [55] or Kerr PBHs [56], Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) [57], heat flow from a small BH captured in the Earth core [58], warm DM from light Schwarzschild [22] and Kerr [23] PBHs, dark radiation from light spinning PBHs [23,24], (extended) dark sector emission [13,59], axion-like particle emission [60], HR from extended BH metrics…”