A conspectus ofCyperuss.l. (Cyperaceae) in Europe (incl. Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands), with emphasis on non-native naturalized species

Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 2

“…In turn, Celesti-Grapow et al (2009) also reported C. microiria from Calabria and Veneto. During a thorough revision of Cyperus in Europe the presence of C. microiria was confirmed in Emilia-Romagna, Lombardia and Piemonte (Verloove 2014b), subsequently also in Veneto (Pellizzari and Verloove in press). In these northern regions, C. microiria is a common weed of rice fields, exposed river banks and similar temporarily damp habitats.…”

“…Although immature, it could be ascribed to the very variable native species C. fuscus L. As a consequence, C. microiria should be removed from the flora of Calabria. Cyperus odoratus is a pantropical species, naturalized in many parts of southern Europe and widely confused with Cyperus strigosus L. (Verloove 2014b). The specimens collected in Larciano show an annual behaviour, a low number of spikelets, and short glumes, leading us to determine them as C. odoratus.…”

On the identity of the Turkish endemic Cyperus noeanus (Cyperaceae)

“…Usually plants produce dense tussocks on nutrient-rich soils and few narrow stems in poor soils. As this character is of no taxonomic value, most Cyperaceae workers (e.g., DeFilipps, 1980;Verloove, 2014) do not use it in identification keys. Since there is only one specimen of C. noeanus, we cannot be sure about the number of stems in this species compared to other species of this section.…”

“…Only C. glaber occurs in temperate regions, including Turkey; the other species are limited to tropical or subtropical climates. Only C. compressus is widespread and has also been found as an alien species, but not yet from Europe (Verloove, 2014) or Asia Minor (Govaerts and Simpson, 2007). Most of the species in this section differ from C. noeanus in shape of glume and nut and in being rhizomatous; only C. glaber is similar.…”

Studies in Italian Cyperaceae: 3.Cyperus erythrorhizos, new to Europe, naturalized in Italy

“…A recent study for Europe revealed that out of 43 species, 20 are considered non-native, many of the latter being poorly understood or neglected (Verloove 2014). Yet, several species of Cyperus are economically, ethnobotanically or horticulturally important or are significant weeds (Simpson and Inglis 2001;Bryson and Carter 2008).…”