A consolidated linkage map for rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

Nichols, Krista M.; Young, Warren; Danzmann, Roy G.; Robison, Barrie D.; Rexroad, Caird E.; Noakes, Marc A.; Phillips, Ruth B.; Bentzen, Paul; Spies, Ingrid; Knudsen, Kathy L.; Allendorf, Fred W.; Cunningham, Bradley M.; Brunelli, Joseph P.; Zhang, H.; Ristow, Sandra S.; Drew, Robert E.; Brown, Kim H.; Wheeler, Paul; Thorgaard, Gary H.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00957.x

Cited by 209 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…Many of the genes detailed in this table have been cited as being key candidate genes regulating vertebrate growth cycles, and thus likely to be important in regulating teleosts-specific growth rates [31]. For example we detected co-localization of genome wide significant BW QTL on LG RT-9, to which the candidate gene growth hormone (GH1) has been mapped [44,45], while the duplicated copy of the gene (GH2) localizes to another BW QTL region in rainbow trout on the linkage group (RT-2) that possesses homeology with RT-9 [45]. Also of note was the fact that copies of IGF1 and IGF2 have been mapped to linkage groups RT-15, and RT-27, respectively, in rainbow trout [35], and these genes along with GH are recognized as major regulators of the somatotrophic axis in fishes [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2010

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BackgroundSomatic growth is a complex process that involves the action and interaction of genes and environment. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously identified for body weight and condition factor in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and two other salmonid species, were used to further investigate the genetic architecture of growth-influencing genes in this species. Relationships among previously mapped candidate genes for growth and their co-localization to identified QTL regions are reported. Furthermore, using a comparative genomic analysis of syntenic rainbow trout linkage group clusters to their homologous regions within model teleost species such as zebrafish, stickleback and medaka, inferences were made regarding additional possible candidate genes underlying identified QTL regions.ResultsBody weight (BW) QTL were detected on the majority of rainbow trout linkage groups across 10 parents from 3 strains. However, only 10 linkage groups (i.e., RT-3, -6, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, -22, -24, -27) possessed QTL regions with chromosome-wide or genome-wide effects across multiple parents. Fewer QTL for condition factor (K) were identified and only six instances of co-localization across families were detected (i.e. RT-9, -15, -16, -23, -27, -31 and RT-2/9 homeologs). Of note, both BW and K QTL co-localize on RT-9 and RT-27. The incidence of epistatic interaction across genomic regions within different female backgrounds was also examined, and although evidence for interaction effects within certain QTL regions were evident, these interactions were few in number and statistically weak. Of interest, however, was the fact that these predominantly occurred within K QTL regions. Currently mapped growth candidate genes are largely congruent with the identified QTL regions. More QTL were detected in male, compared to female parents, with the greatest number evident in an F1 male parent derived from an intercross between domesticated and wild strain of rainbow trout which differed strongly in growth rate.ConclusionsStrain background influences the degree to which QTL effects are evident for growth-related genes. The process of domestication (which primarily selects faster growing fish) may largely reduce the genetic influences on growth-specific phenotypic variation. Although heritabilities have been reported to be relatively high for both BW and K growth traits, the genetic architecture of K phenotypic variation appears less defined (i.e., fewer major contributing QTL regions were identified compared with BW QTL regions).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2010

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“…Comparative QTL analysis in salmonid fishes DP Reid et al of the variation in BW), appears to be syntenic with RT-23/24 (RT-23/24 are putative homeologous chromosome pairs in RT) (Sakamoto et al, 2000;Nichols et al, 2003). AS-8 shares homology to both RT-21 and 24.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of allele segregation at molecular markers throughout the genome can be used to determine the number and positions of QTL affecting a trait, and the magnitude of the QTL effect (Lynch and Walsh, 1998). Linkage maps have been developed for several salmonid fishes, including rainbow trout (RT; Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Young et al, 1998;Sakamoto et al, 2000;Nichols et al, 2003), Arctic charr (AC; Salvelinus alpinus) (Woram et al, 2004), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Gilbey et al, 2004;Moen et al, 2004). Despite the extensive karyotypic rearrangements within the tetraploid salmonids (Hartley, 1987;Phillips and Rab, 2001) since their evolution from a diploid ancestor 25-100 MYA (Allendorf and Thorgaard, 1984), microsatellite markers have been able to identify chromosomal regions that are homologous across species (Woram et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL for body weight and condition factor in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): comparative analysis with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

et al. 2004

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Genotypes at 91 microsatellite loci in three full-sib families were used to search for QTL affecting body weight (BW) and condition factor in North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). More than one informative marker was identified on 16-18 linkage groups in each family, allowing at least one chromosomal interval to be analyzed per linkage group. Two significant QTL for BW on linkage groups AS-8 and AS-11, and four significant QTL for condition factor on linkage groups AS-2, AS-5, AS-11, and AS-14 were identified. QTL for both BW and condition factor were located on linkage groups AS-1, 6, 8, 11, and 14 when considering both significant and suggestive QTL effects. The largest QTL effects for BW (AS-8) and for condition factor (AS-14) accounted for 20.1 and 24.9% of the trait variation, respectively. Three of the QTL for BW occur on linkage groups where similar effects have been detected on the homologous regions in either rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) or Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Heredity (2005) 94, 166-172.

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“…Fish were propagated at the Washington State University research fish hatchery using androgenesis (i.e., all paternal inheritance) (71). This process results in YY male fish with normal fertility despite lower levels of recombination observed through chromosome markers studies (63,72). The experimental advantages of clonal rainbow trout are that they are genetically identical and all-male.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol

Brown

Schultz

Cloud

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Environmental contaminants that mimic native estrogens (i.e., environmental estrogens) are known to significantly impact a wide range of vertebrate species and have been implicated as a source for increasing human male reproductive deficiencies and diseases. Despite the widespread occurrence of environmental estrogens and recognized detrimental effects on male vertebrate reproduction, no specific mechanism has been determined indicating how reduced fertility and/or fecundity is achieved. Previous studies show that male rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to the environmental estrogen 17␣-ethynylestradiol (EE2) before gamete formation and fertilization produce progeny with significantly reduced embryonic survival. To determine whether this observed decrease results from sperm chromosome alterations during spermatogenesis, male rainbow trout were exposed to 10 ng of EE2/l for 50 days. After exposure, semen was collected and sperm aneuploidy levels analyzed with two chromosome markers by fluorescent in situ hybridization. In vitro fertilizations were also conducted by using control and exposed sperm crossed to eggs from an unexposed female for offspring analysis. Evaluations for nucleolar organizer region number and karyotype were performed on developing embryos to determine whether sperm aneuploidy translated into embryonic aneuploidy. Results conclusively show increased aneuploid sperm formation due to EE2 exposure. Additionally, embryonic cells from propagated progeny of individuals possessing elevated sperm aneuploidy display high levels of embryonic aneuploidy. This study concludes that EE2 exposure in sexually developing male rainbow trout increases levels of aneuploid sperm, providing a mechanism for decreased embryonic survival and ultimately diminished reproductive success in EE2 exposed males.aneuploidy ͉ EE2 ͉ xenoestrogens

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A consolidated linkage map for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 209 publications

References 62 publications

Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

QTL for body weight and condition factor in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): comparative analysis with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol

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