A Conserved Switch in Sensory Processing Prepares Developing Neocortex for Vision

Colonnese, Matthew T.; Kamińska, Anna; Minlebaev, Marat; Milh, Mathieu; Bloem, Bernard; Lescure, Sandra; Moriette, G; Chiron, Catherine; Ben-Ari, Yehezkel; Khazipov, Roustem

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.07.015

Cited by 235 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…4h). In summary, the electrophysiological characteristics of Ca 2 þ clusters agree well with those of previously reported spindle bursts in the visual cortex of neonatal rats [50][51][52] . Although the aforementioned measurements were acquired through the intact dura after surgical removal of the overlying bone, virtually identical Ca 2 þ cluster activity was observed through the intact skull (n ¼ 3 mice; Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Gaba-evoked Cats In Presence Of Bayk 8644 At P3-4supporting

confidence: 89%

GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo

et al. 2015

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A large body of evidence from in vitro studies suggests that GABA is depolarizing during early postnatal development. However, the mode of GABA action in the intact developing brain is unknown. Here we examine the in vivo effects of GABA in cells of the upper cortical plate using a combination of electrophysiological and Ca 2 þ -imaging techniques. We report that at postnatal days (P) 3-4, GABA depolarizes the majority of immature neurons in the occipital cortex of anaesthetized mice. At the same time, GABA does not efficiently activate voltage-gated Ca 2 þ channels and fails to induce action potential firing. Blocking GABA A receptors disinhibits spontaneous network activity, whereas allosteric activation of GABA A receptors has the opposite effect. In summary, our data provide evidence that in vivo GABA acts as a depolarizing neurotransmitter imposing an inhibitory control on network activity in the neonatal (P3-4) neocortex.

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Section: Gaba-evoked Cats In Presence Of Bayk 8644 At P3-4supporting

confidence: 89%

GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo

et al. 2015

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“…We interpret visual processing as instantaneous because we are incapable of detecting a time interval less than 40 ms. Any two events that are separated by less than 40 ms appear as happening simultaneously [35], suggesting that there is a lag time in which processing must take place before one can perceive anything externally. This supports our theory in that as these biochemical processes take place, the images are projected directly into the brain through pre-existing oscillations that allow the retina and brain to communicate in real-time, because this neural network was formed in utero [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Phototransductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Prior hypotheses suggest they could play a part in forming maps for ''orientation, direction, and ocular dominance" prior to vision [37], while experimental data has indicated that retinal waves develop early on, are critical in the developing visual system interconnections, and help prepare the circuitry required for visuomotor learning and behavior [45]. In humans, spontaneous retinal activity is generated by retinal neurons before vision takes place, creating functional maps in higher visual areas [37,38,46]. The supposition is that retinal development and subsequent retinal waves link together the lateral geniculate body and cortex, thereby being a major contributor in the formation of an ''internal" neural space which forms the infrastructure of visual consciousness.…”

Section: Visual Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How lateral inhibition and fast retinogeniculo-cortical oscillations create vision: A new hypothesis

Jerath¹,

Cearley²,

Barnes

et al. 2016

Medical Hypotheses

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a b s t r a c tThe role of the physiological processes involved in human vision escapes clarification in current literature. Many unanswered questions about vision include: 1) whether there is more to lateral inhibition than previously proposed, 2) the role of the discs in rods and cones, 3) how inverted images on the retina are converted to erect images for visual perception, 4) what portion of the image formed on the retina is actually processed in the brain, 5) the reason we have an after-image with antagonistic colors, and 6) how we remember space. This theoretical article attempts to clarify some of the physiological processes involved with human vision. The global integration of visual information is conceptual; therefore, we include illustrations to present our theory. Universally, the eyeball is 2.4 cm and works together with membrane potential, correspondingly representing the retinal layers, photoreceptors, and cortex. Images formed within the photoreceptors must first be converted into chemical signals on the photoreceptors' individual discs and the signals at each disc are transduced from light photons into electrical signals. We contend that the discs code the electrical signals into accurate distances and are shown in our figures. The pre-existing oscillations among the various cortices including the striate and parietal cortex, and the retina work in unison to create an infrastructure of visual space that functionally ''places" the objects within this ''neural" space. The horizontal layers integrate all discs accurately to create a retina that is pre-coded for distance. Our theory suggests image inversion never takes place on the retina, but rather images fall onto the retina as compressed and coiled, then amplified through lateral inhibition through intensification and amplification on the OFF-center cones. The intensified and amplified images are decompressed and expanded in the brain, which become the images we perceive as external vision. Summary: This is a theoretical article presenting a novel hypothesis about the physiological processes in vision, and expounds upon the visual aspect of two of our previously published articles, ''A unified 3D default space consciousness model combining neurological and physiological processes that underlie conscious experience", and ''Functional representation of vision within the mind: A visual consciousness model based in 3D default space." Currently, neuroscience teaches that visual images are initially inverted on the retina, processed in the brain, and then conscious perception of vision happens in the visual cortex. Here, we propose that inversion of visual images never takes place because images enter the retina as coiled and compressed graded potentials that are intensified and amplified in OFF-center photoreceptors. Once they reach the brain, they are decompressed and expanded to the original size of the image, which is perceived by the brain as the external image. We adduce that pre-existing oscillations (alpha, beta, and gamma) among the various c...

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“…The use of several frequency bands is reasoned by the previous studies in adults showing that the spatial extent of an oscillation is proportional to its temporal frequency (Freeman, 2005). In neonatal EEG, the highest frequency range (> 10 Hz) is likely most relevant (Colonnese et al, 2010;Vanhatalo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Hdeeg Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

et al. 2013

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TitleSpatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes There is an increasing demand for source analysis of neonatal EEG, but currently there is inadequate knowledge about i) the spatial patterning of neonatal scalp EEG and hence ii) the number of electrodes needed to capture neonatal EEG in full spatial detail. This study addresses these issues by using a very high density (2.5 mm interelectrode spacing) linear electrode array to assess the spatial power spectrum, by using a high density (64 electrodes) EEG cap to assess the spatial extent of the common oscillatory bouts in the neonatal EEG and by using a neonatal size spherical head model to assess the effects of source depth and skull conductivities on the spatial frequency spectrum. The linear array recordings show that the spatial power spectrum decays rapidly until about 0.5-0.8 cycles per centimeter. The dense array EEG recordings show that the amplitude of oscillatory events decays within 4-6 cm to the level of global background activity, and that the higher frequencies (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) show the most rapid spatial decline in amplitude. Simulation with spherical head model showed that realistic variation in skull conductivity and source depths can both introduce orders of magnitude difference in the spatial frequency of the scalp EEG. Calculation of spatial Nyquist frequencies from the spatial power spectra suggests that an interelectrode distance of about 6-10 mm would suffice to capture the full spatial texture of the raw EEG signal at the neonatal scalp without spatial aliasing or under-sampling. The spatial decay of oscillatory events suggests that a full representation of their spatial characteristics requires an interelectrode distance of 10-20 mm. The findings show that the conventional way of recording neonatal EEG with about 10 electrodes ignores most spatial EEG content, that increasing the electrode density is necessary to improve neonatal EEG source localization and information extraction, and that prospective source models will need to carefully consider the neonatally relevant ranges of tissue conductivities and source depths when source localizing cortical activity in neonates.

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A Conserved Switch in Sensory Processing Prepares Developing Neocortex for Vision

Cited by 235 publications

References 95 publications

GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo

GABA depolarizes immature neurons and inhibits network activity in the neonatal neocortex in vivo

How lateral inhibition and fast retinogeniculo-cortical oscillations create vision: A new hypothesis

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

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