A Conserved Ethylene Biosynthesis Enzyme Leads to Andromonoecy in Two Cucumis Species

Boualem, Adnane; Troadec, Christelle; Kovalski, Irina; Sari, Marie-Agnès; Perl‐Treves, Rafael; Bendahmane, Abdelhafid

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006144

Cited by 133 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recently, Boualem et al (2008) and Li et al (2009) reported that mutation of a melon and cucumber ACS isogene (CmACS-7 and CsACS2, respectively) resulted in the transition from monoecy to andromonoecy. Thus, CmACS-7 (Boualem et al, 2008) and CsACS2 (Boualem et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009) repress stamen development in female flowers. CmACS-7 and CsACS2 are also members of the type 3 ACS isozyme subfamily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Tatsuki

2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The gaseous plant hormone ethylene plays an essential role in a number of developmental processes, including seed germination, seedling growth, leaf and petal abscission, fruit ripening, and senescence. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) is a key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, and its activity increased in response to endogenous and exogenous factors. In fruit, different ACS isogenes are induced and are responsible for differences in ethylene production among cultivars. ACS is phosphorylated in vivo, and phosphorylation confers protein stability. Ethylene is perceived by ethylene receptors, many of which have been identified and are known to be negative regulators of ethylene signaling. This review focuses on transcriptional and post-translational regulation of ACS. Furthermore, the effect of ethylene on the stability of ethylene receptors in apple is described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Tatsuki

2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Furthermore, application of ethylene to monoecious cucumber plants promotes the formation of female flowers (MacMurray and Miller, 1968;was first isolated by Kamachi et al (1997), who demonstrated that the expression of the CS-ACS2 gene coincides with development of female flowers in monoecious and gynoecious cucumber plants. Recently, the CS-ACS2 gene was identified as the M gene (Boualem et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009). Thus, both F and M genes encode ACC synthase and ethylene is considered a sex hormone in cucumber plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Involvement of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in the Arrest of Stamen Development of Female Flowers During Sex Expression in Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.)

Yamasaki

Yamakuchi

Yamanaka

et al. 2017

Environmental Control in Biology

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These physiological phenomena were confirmed at the molecular level. Two genes (CS-ACS1G and CS-ACS2) which encode a key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, were identified as being related to sex expression in cucumber plants. The CS-ACS1G gene, which exists in gynoecious cucumber plants but not in monoecious cucumber plants, was closely linked to the F gene (Trebitsh et al., 1997 Monoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) produces male and female flowers on the same plant, but application of ethylene promotes expression of female flowers. In the early bisexual stage, all flower buds contain primordia for both stamens and pistils and sexual differences are established by the selective arrest of sexual organ primordia. The expression of six cell cycle-related genes [Cs Cyclin A (CsCycA), CsCycB, CsCycD3; 1, CsCycD3; 2, Cs Cyclin-dependent kinase A CsCDKA), and CsCDKB] was analyzed in male and female flower buds to investigate cell cycle activity in sexual organs. CsCycA was expressed specifically in the area containing arrested stamen primordia (ACASP) in female flower buds, but was barely detected in male flower buds. Expression of the other five genes was detected in the ACASP but not in pistils of female flower buds. Expression of all six genes was elevated transiently following the application of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), an ethylene-releasing agent, to the shoot apices. The correlation of expression of these genes with the formation of female flowers suggests they play a role in the arrest of stamens of female flowers in monoecious cucumber plants.

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“…Similarly, stamen development is regulated by ethylene derived from the CS-ACS2 gene in cucumber plants ( Fig. 1A; Boualem et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009). Because the amino acid sequences of CmACS-7 and CS-ACS2 show a high degree of similarity (98%) (Boualem et al, 2008(Boualem et al, , 2009Li et al, 2009), these genes are homologs in Cucumis plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1A; Boualem et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009). Because the amino acid sequences of CmACS-7 and CS-ACS2 show a high degree of similarity (98%) (Boualem et al, 2008(Boualem et al, , 2009Li et al, 2009), these genes are homologs in Cucumis plants. This suggests that the mechanism of not only sex expression regulated by ethylene but also the induction of functional bisexual flowers by ethylene inhibitors in gynoecious plants is similar in cucumber and melon plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yamasaki et al (2003b) also showed the possibility that the expression of the CS-ACS2 gene is regulated by M protein under short-day conditions. Recently, the CS-ACS2 gene was identified as the M gene (Boualem et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009); thus, both F and M genes encode ACC synthase in cucumber. Based on these reports, our genetic model of sex expression in cucumber plants can be modified as shown in Figure 1A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Silver Nitrate Induces Functional Bisexual Flowers in Gynoecious Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.)

Yamasaki

Manabe

2011

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The most common cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) show monoecious sex expression and produce both male and female flowers on the same plant, whereas plants of the gynoecious type produce only female flowers under natural conditions. Ethylene is a plant hormone that affects sex differentiation in cucumber plants. In the gynoecious cucumber, application of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) induced only male flowers, whereas application of the ethylene action inhibitor silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) induced male and morphologically bisexual flowers. To investigate whether the morphologically bisexual flowers that were induced by AgNO 3 in gynoecious cucumber plants have functional sexual organs, we analyzed the function of pistils and stamens. Seeds were produced by cross-fertilization and the pollen tubes were elongated on sucrose medium in eight of the twenty-five morphologically bisexual flowers. These results show that the application of AgNO 3 to gynoecious cucumber plants produces functional bisexual flowers. In functional bisexual flowers, the length of pistils was similar to that of the female flowers of gynoecious cucumber plants and the length of stamens was similar to that of male and bisexual flowers of andromonoecious cucumber plants. In contrast, stamen length was inversely proportional to pistil length in the group of morphologically bisexual flowers that were induced by AgNO 3 . These results suggest that the morphology of the sexual organs is different in morphologically bisexual flowers and in functional bisexual flowers. It is possible that the functional bisexual flowers that were induced by AgNO 3 in gynoecious cucumber plants are the result of exclusive blockade of ethylene signals that inhibit stamen development.

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A Conserved Ethylene Biosynthesis Enzyme Leads to Andromonoecy in Two Cucumis Species

Cited by 133 publications

References 39 publications

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Potential Involvement of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in the Arrest of Stamen Development of Female Flowers During Sex Expression in Cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.)

Application of Silver Nitrate Induces Functional Bisexual Flowers in Gynoecious Cucumber Plants (Cucumis sativus L.)

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