A conjugated fatty acid present at high levels in bitter melon seed favorably affects lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by increasing NAD+/NADH ratio and activating PPARα, AMPK and SIRT1 signaling pathway

Chen, Gou-Chun; Su, Hui-Min; Lin, Yu-Shun; Tsou, Po-Yen; Chyuan, Jong‐Ho; Chao, Pei-Min

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.009

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This in vivo study, combined with our previous in vitro evidence [5,15], further elucidated the underlying mechanisms of impacts of BMSO or α-ESA on lipid homeostasis in liver and adipose tissues. The phenotype of this PPARα KO includes hepatic steatosis and spontaneous, late-onset obesity, with sexual dimorphism [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…α-ESA, the major fatty acid in BMSO, has been recognized as a potent PPARα agonist compared to common fatty acids [11]. Using H4IIEC3, a PPARα-responsive hepatoma cell line, we demonstrated that α-ESA reduced intracellular triglyceride accumulation by increasing mRNA concentrations and enzyme activity of PPARα target genes after 24 or 48 h of treatment [5]. Moreover, α-ESA activated sirtuin 1 deacetylase and AMPK signaling, thus forming a feed-forward PPARα/AMPK/sirtuin 1 signaling loop, shifts hepatic lipid metabolism towards catabolism [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we demonstrated that bitter melon seed oil (BMSO) is more potent than soybean oil, which has approximately the same amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), in attenuating high saturated fatty acid (SFA) diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice [4,5]. BMSO is enriched in a fatty acid characterized by the presence of conjugated triene (i.e., cis -9, trans -11, trans -13 isomer of conjugated linolenic acid [6]), also termed α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA), which has potential as a functional lipid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPARα is a nuclear receptor that maintains lipid homeostasis by modulating an array of target genes participating in lipid catabolism, lipoprotein assembly and transport, as well as thermogenesis [12,13]. We previously demonstrated that α-ESA, as compared to α-linolenic acid (fatty acid control), reduced triglyceride concentrations in H4IIEC3, a PPARα-responsive hepatoma cell line [5]. In addition to activating PPARα directly, α-ESA activated sirtuin 1 by increasing the intracellular NAD + /NADH ratio, thus forming a positive feedback loop of PPARα/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 signaling [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously demonstrated that α-ESA, as compared to α-linolenic acid (fatty acid control), reduced triglyceride concentrations in H4IIEC3, a PPARα-responsive hepatoma cell line [5]. In addition to activating PPARα directly, α-ESA activated sirtuin 1 by increasing the intracellular NAD + /NADH ratio, thus forming a positive feedback loop of PPARα/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 signaling [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Bitter Melon Seed Oil-Corrected Lipid Disorders and Conversion of α-Eleostearic Acid into Rumenic Acid in C57BL/6J Mice

et al. 2016

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We previously reported that bitter melon seed oil (BMSO) was an effective anti-steatosis and antiobesity agent. Since the major fatty acid α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) in BMSO is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activator, the objective was to investigate the role of PPARα in BMSO-modulated lipid disorders and α-ESA metabolism. C57BL/6J wild (WD) and PPARα knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet containing BMSO (15% soybean oil + 15% BMSO, HB) or not (30% soybean oil, HS) for 5 weeks. The HB diet significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride concentrations and increased acyl-CoA oxidase activity in WD, but not in KO mice. However, regardless of genotype, body fat percentage was lowered along with upregulated protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and tyrosine hydroxylase, as well as signaling pathway of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase in the white adipose tissue of HB-treated groups compared to HS cohorts. In WD-HB and KO-HB groups, white adipose tissue had autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and browning characteristics. Without PPARα, in vivo reduction of α-ESA into rumenic acid was slightly but significantly lowered, along with remarkable reduction of hepatic retinol saturase (RetSat) expression. We concluded that BMSO-mediated anti-steatosis depended on PPARα, whereas the anti-adiposity effect was PPARα-independent. In addition, PPARα-dependent enzymes may participate in α-ESA conversion, but only have a minor role.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Bitter Melon Seed Oil-Corrected Lipid Disorders and Conversion of α-Eleostearic Acid into Rumenic Acid in C57BL/6J Mice

et al. 2016

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Conjugated Lipids and Health

Park

2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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Naturally occurring conjugated fatty acids are reported to possess many health benefits. Among them, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been extensively studied for the last three decades. This article provides a review of the known effects of CLA (anticancer, antiobesity, modulation of inflammation and immune responses, bone health effects, and lipid metabolism effects) followed by the potential adverse effects of CLA (oxidative stress, insulin resistance, milk fat depression, and hepatic dysfunctions). There are also other naturally occurring conjugated polyenes, including punicic, eleostearic, jacaric, catalpic, calendic, and parinaric acids. Although the research on these conjugated polyenes is limited, a summary is provided to summarize their health benefits.

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Mass Transfer Modeling of α‐Eleostearic Acid from Tung Oil Concentration by Low‐Temperature Crystallization

et al. 2020

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With the significant attention paid to α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) in a variety of biologically beneficial effects, the demand for high-concentration products is increasing. A method of cryogenic separation to predict the mass variation of α-ESA from tung oil was established in this study. The results showed that the best α-ESA crystallization condition was À 20°C in ethanol, which implied a low energy consumption when compared with the common crystallization temperature of À 60°C. The α-ESA concentration in the liquid phase was reduced by 90.4% compared to tung oil, and most of the α-ESA in the solution was recovered by mass transfer. On the other hand, a mathematical model based on the diffusion reaction theory is used in mass variation prediction. The effects of temperature and time on the mass variation in α-ESA in solution crystallization were examined. The results showed that the proposed model could estimate the composition and total mass of winterized tung oil at R 2 = 0.974. The model was validated by experiments with an error of � 10%.[a] J.

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A conjugated fatty acid present at high levels in bitter melon seed favorably affects lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by increasing NAD+/NADH ratio and activating PPARα, AMPK and SIRT1 signaling pathway

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Bitter Melon Seed Oil-Corrected Lipid Disorders and Conversion of α-Eleostearic Acid into Rumenic Acid in C57BL/6J Mice

Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Bitter Melon Seed Oil-Corrected Lipid Disorders and Conversion of α-Eleostearic Acid into Rumenic Acid in C57BL/6J Mice

Conjugated Lipids and Health

Mass Transfer Modeling of α‐Eleostearic Acid from Tung Oil Concentration by Low‐Temperature Crystallization

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