A Conjugate Gradient Algorithm with Analytical Expressions for Compact Metasurface Pair Design

Design and Experimental Evaluation of Cascaded Metasurface Pairs

“…The optimization procedure consists of finding the basis function coefficients (A f,n and A r,n ) that minimize the LPC cost functional. Herein, this is accomplished with a conjugate gradient algorithm which utilizes analytic gradients and step lengths [8], [9].…”

“…In the case of the latter, the goal is to find the fields in the bounded space between the metasurface pair that satisfy the LPC condition for a desired field transformation. The algorithms to design cascaded metasurface pairs can roughly be classified into the following categories: iterative Fourierbased techniques [7], optimization techniques based on the plane wave spectrum (PWS) [6], [8], [9], and optimization algorithms based on integral equation (IE) formulations [10], [11]. The majority of the literature regarding cascaded metasurface pair design relies on simulation data.…”

“…In this work, we present the end-to-end design of a cascaded metasurface pair using two methods. The first one follows [8], [9] and employs the PWS for the forward propagation of tangential fields. This design algorithm is itself based on [6] and extends it to be fully automated.…”

Design and Experimental Evaluation of Cascaded Metasurface Pairs

“…In the case of the latter, the goal is to find the fields in the bounded space between the metasurface pair that satisfy the LPC condition for a desired field transformation. The algorithms to design cascaded metasurface pairs can roughly be classified into the following categories: iterative Fourierbased techniques [7], optimization techniques based on the plane wave spectrum (PWS) [6], [8], [9], and optimization algorithms based on integral equation (IE) formulations [10], [11]. The majority of the literature regarding cascaded metasurface pair design relies on simulation data.…”

“…In this work, we present the end-to-end design of a cascaded metasurface pair using two methods. The first one follows [8], [9] and employs the PWS for the forward propagation of tangential fields. This design algorithm is itself based on [6] and extends it to be fully automated.…”