A conformal sensor for wireless sweat level monitoring

Wei, Pinghung; Morey, Briana; Dyson, Timothy; McMahon, Nick; Hsu, Yu‐I; Gazman, Sasha; Klinker, L; Ives, Barry; Dowling, Kevin; Rafferty, C. S.

doi:10.1109/icsens.2013.6688376

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This review paper focuses on microwave sensors, and particularly on planar sensors based on resonant elements for material characterization, including solids or liquids. Planar sensors are of special interest as their low-profile is compatible with many applications, where bulk sensors (e.g., cavity sensors or waveguide-based sensors [1,2], among others) may find a severe limitation, e.g., conformal sensors [3], wearable sensors [4], submersible sensors [5], integrated sensors [6], lab-on-a-chip sensors [7], microfluidic sensors [8][9][10][11], etc. On the other hand, despite the fact that non-resonant planar sensors operating at microwave frequencies have been reported [12][13][14], the combination of sensor size and performance (sensitivity) of resonant-type sensor is difficult to achieve with non-resonant methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

et al. 2020

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Microwave sensors based on electrically small planar resonant elements are reviewed in this paper. By virtue of the high sensitivity of such resonators to the properties of their surrounding medium, particularly the dielectric constant and the loss factor, these sensors are of special interest (although not exclusive) for dielectric characterization of solids and liquids, and for the measurement of material composition. Several sensing strategies are presented, with special emphasis on differential-mode sensors. The main advantages and limitations of such techniques are discussed, and several prototype examples are reported, mainly including sensors for measuring the dielectric properties of solids, and sensors based on microfluidics (useful for liquid characterization and liquid composition). The proposed sensors have high potential for application in real scenarios (including industrial processes and characterization of biosamples).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

et al. 2020

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“…Constituents of sweat along with its mechanisms have been the interest of researchers since the early 20th century [1][2][3]. In the last few decades, sweat related research included sweat content detection, such as pH [4,5], Sodium [6][7][8], Lactate [9,10], conductivity [11], alcohol [12], as well as sweat rate detection [13,14]. Although sweat information can provide important information, this data would be more beneficial if it was provided in real-time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Sweating System for Sweat Sensor Testing Applications

et al. 2019

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This research proposes a completely automated, computer-controlled fluid mixing and dispensing system, which is suitable for testing sweat sensing devices, as an alternative to requiring human trials during the development phase of a sweat sensor device. An arm mold was designed and implemented with dragon skin and pores to simulate sweating action. The relay controlled mixing tanks allow for the different concentration of fluid solutions at various rates of fluid dispensing through pores. The onboard single board computer controls a dozen electronic relays and it switches and presents an easy to use graphical user interface to allow end users to conduct the experiments with ease and not require further programming. With the recent advances in sweat sensors, this platform offers a unique way of testing sensing devices during development, allowing for researchers to focus on their design parameters one at a time before actual validation through human trials are conducted. The current device can provide sweat rates from 1 µL/min to 500 µL/min. Furthermore, concentrations of 10 mM up to 200 mM of salt concentrations were able to be repeatedly produced. In an ANOVA test with salt concentrations varying from 40–60 mM, a p-value of 0.365 shows that the concentration does not have any effect on the flow rate. Similarly, a p-value of 0.329 and 0.167 for different relative humidity and temperature shows that the system does not present a statistical difference. Lastly, when the interactions among all the factors were considered, a p-value of 0.416 clearly presents that the system performance is insensitive to different factors, thus validating the system reliability.

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“…Consequently, many wearable hydration sensors have focused on the miniaturization of electronic systems. Impedance [7], capacitance [8], and resonance [9] based stretchable epidermal sensors are some of the recent techniques utilized in hydration monitoring. Also, wrist-worn wearable sensor arrays [10] and "tattoo-like" epidermal devices [11] have recently been reported which measure the metabolites and electrolytes in sweat which can denote hydration level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Hydration Sensor for Customizable Electronic Textiles

Yokus

Daniele

2016

MRS Advances

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This paper introduces the design and simulated operation of a capacitive hydration sensor for integration into textile-based electronics. The multilayer patch is composed of a textile layer and an attached series of serpentine-interdigitated electrodes. The model used for simulations incorporated this design onto a representative model of skin. The serpentine-interdigitated electrodes are electrodes for capacitive measurement of skin hydration. In this study, the capacitance change relative to skin hydration was simulated using finite element analysis. The simulation results suggest the fabric layer had little effect on the capacitance of the sensor. Furthermore, the frequency domain simulations indicated that the capacitance of the sensor decreased with increasing frequency, and the decrease in capacitance was more significant for the dry skin compared to the wet skin. Therefore, the variation in the capacitance value of the serpentine-interdigitated electrodes can be employed for continuous skin hydration detection.

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A conformal sensor for wireless sweat level monitoring

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

Planar Microwave Resonant Sensors: A Review and Recent Developments

An Artificial Sweating System for Sweat Sensor Testing Applications

Skin Hydration Sensor for Customizable Electronic Textiles

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