A Conformal Driving Class IV Flextensional Transducer

A spiral sound wave transducer comprised of longitudinal vibrating elements has been proposed. This transducer was made from eight uniform radial distributed longitudinal vibrating elements, which could effectively generate low frequency underwater acoustic spiral waves. We discuss the production theory of spiral sound waves, which could be synthesized by two orthogonal acoustic dipoles with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The excitation voltage distribution of the transducer for emitting a spiral sound wave and the measurement method for the transducer is given. Three-dimensional finite element modeling (FEM)of the transducer was established for simulating the vibration modes and the acoustic characteristics of the transducers. Further, we fabricated a spiral sound wave transducer based on our design and simulations. It was found that the resonance frequency of the transducer was 10.8 kHz and that the transmitting voltage resonance was 140.5 dB. The underwater sound field measurements demonstrate that our designed transducer based on the longitudinal elements could successfully generate spiral sound waves.

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“… Alumina ceramic: Density: 3800 kg/m 3 , Young’s modulus: 350 GPa, Poisson’s ratio: 0.22. Piezoelectric ceramic (PZT-4) [ 22 ]: …”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiral Sound Wave Transducer Based on the Longitudinal Vibration

Lan

Guo

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…Flextensional transducers (FTs) are typical low-frequency transducers which are usually used in the underwater acoustics, in which the flexural vibration of the shell is excited by piezoelectric ceramics [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Since Harvey C. Hayes from the U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Fabrication of Broadband Ring Flextensional Underwater Transducer

Hong

et al. 2021

Sensors

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At present, high-speed underwater acoustic communication requires underwater transducers with the characteristics of low frequency and broadband. The low-frequency transducers also are expected to be low-frequency directional for realization of point-to-point communication. In order to achieve the above targets, this paper proposes a new type of flextensional transducer which is constructed of double mosaic piezoelectric ceramic rings and spherical cap metal shells. The transducer realizes broadband transmission by means of the coupling between radial vibration of the piezoelectric rings and high-order flexural vibration of the spherical cap metal shells. The low-frequency directional transmission of the transducer is realized by using excitation signals with different amplitude and phase on two mosaic piezoelectric rings. The relationship between transmitting voltage response (TVR), resonance frequency and structural parameters of the transducer is analyzed by finite element software COMSOL. The broadband performance of the transducer is also optimized. On this basis, the low-frequency directivity of the transducer is further analyzed and the ratio of the excitation signals of the two piezoelectric rings is obtained. Finally, a prototype of the broadband ring flextensional underwater transducer is fabricated according to the results of simulation. The electroacoustic performance of the transducer is tested in an anechoic water tank. Experimental results show that the maximum TVR of the transducer is 147.2 dB and the operation bandwidth is 1.5–4 kHz, which means that the transducer has good low-frequency, broadband transmission capability. Meanwhile, cardioid directivity is obtained at 1.4 kHz and low-frequency directivity is realized.

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“…A graft-shaped shell, including two slotted convex segments and one ring segment, was studied by Chai et al for Class III flextensional transducer [ 18 ]. A shell in the form of elliptical cylinder was used for Class IV flextensional transducer by Zhou, et al [ 19 ]. Zhang et al introduced a Class V flextensional transducer with a shell of cymbal caps [ 20 ], and Sun et al researched another cymbal flextensional transducer with concave cymbal caps [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Concave Stave on Class I Barrel-Stave Flextensional Transducer

2021

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To meet the requirements of low frequency, high power, small size and light weight, a type of Class I barrel-stave flextensional transducer employing improved concave stave is presented. As the key component of flextensional transducer, concave stave plays an important role in vibrating efficiently to radiate acoustic energy. The structure of concave stave has a great effect on its behavior. In this paper, the main parameters of concave stave are discussed, especially the effect of radius on flextensional transducer. Both concave stave and transducer are analyzed through finite element method, including mechanical transformation behavior of concave stave and performances of flextensional transducer. On the basis of finite element design, five prototypes employing concave staves with different radii are manufactured and measured. The simulations and tests reveal that concave stave can affect performances of flextensional transducer. A larger radius of concave stave will result in a greater amplification of vibration and a lower resonance frequency of transducer. This can be a feasible way to optimize the resonance frequency or source level of flextensional transducer through adjusting the radius of concave stave in a small range. According to the electrical and acoustical tests, our Class I barrel-stave flextensional transducer is capable of being used as underwater low-frequency small-size projector.

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A Conformal Driving Class IV Flextensional Transducer

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Spiral Sound Wave Transducer Based on the Longitudinal Vibration

Spiral Sound Wave Transducer Based on the Longitudinal Vibration

Research and Fabrication of Broadband Ring Flextensional Underwater Transducer

Effect of Concave Stave on Class I Barrel-Stave Flextensional Transducer

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