A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico

González-Horta, Carmen; Ballinas-Casarrubias, Lourdes; Sánchez‐Ramírez, Blanca; Ishida, María C.; Barrera-Hernández, A.; Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S.; Zacarias, Olga L.; Saunders, R. Jesse; Drobná, Zuzana; Mendez, Michelle A.; Garcı́a-Vargas, Gonzalo G.; Loomis, Dana; Stýblo, Miroslav; Razo, Luz M. Del

doi:10.3390/ijerph120504587

Cited by 80 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[3] According to the WHO, permissible fluoride concentration limit in drinking water is 1.0 mg/L,[4] and Mexican normativity stipulates a limit of 1.5 mg/L. [5] Nonetheless, in Mexico, there are some areas that have high amounts of fluoride in water, mainly in the states of the north and center of the country, most notably in Chihuahua,[6] Durango,[7] Aguascalientes, and Guanajuato. [8]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental fluorosis, fluoride in urine, and nutritional status in adolescent students living in the rural areas of Guanajuato, Mexico

Carmen

Javier

Aline

2016

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Objective:The aim of this study was to assess urine fluoride concentration, nutritional status, and dental fluorosis in adolescent students living in the rural areas of Guanajuato, Mexico.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted including participants aged 11–20 years. The presence and severity of dental fluorosis was registered according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI) criteria. Anthropometric measures were also recorded. Urine sample of the first morning spot was recollected to assess urine fluoride concentration by using the potentiometric method with an ion-selective electrode. Water samples were also recollected and analyzed. Bivariate tests were performed to compare urine fluoride concentration according to different variables such as sex, body mass index, and TFI. Nonparametric tests were used. A logistic regression model was performed (SPSS® 21.0).Results:This study included 307 participants with a mean age of 15.6 ± 1.6; 62.5% of the participants showed normal weight. A total of 91.9% of the participants had dental fluorosis, and 61.6% had TFI > 4. Mean fluoride content in urine ranged between 0.5 and 6.65 mg/L, with a mean of 1.27 ± 1.2 mg/L. Underweight children showed greater urine fluoride concentration. The increment of urine fluoride was a related (OR = 1.40) to having severe dental fluorosis.Conclusions:Most of the studied population had moderate or severe dental fluorosis. Urine fluoride concentration was related to fluorosis severity and nutritional status. Underweight children showed greater urine fluoride concentration as well as severe dental fluorosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental fluorosis, fluoride in urine, and nutritional status in adolescent students living in the rural areas of Guanajuato, Mexico

Carmen

Javier

Aline

2016

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…Both arsenic and fluoride are ubiquitous in the environment. The co-exposure of fluorine and arsenic is mainly through drinking water [109][110][111] or burning coal [112,113]. The latter is a unique type in China, which was attributed to exposure to high levels of As and F in food and breathing As-laden air, caused by polluted food and air due to indoor combustion of coal [112,113].…”

Section: Co-exposure With Other Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Research in the Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Fluorosis

Shen¹,

Feng²,

Xia³

et al. 2019

Environmental Chemistry and Recent Pollution Control Approaches

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Long-term excessive intake of fluoride (F) leads to chronic fluorosis, resulting in dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. Chronic exposure to high doses of fluoride can also cause damage to soft tissues, especially when it passes through the blood-brain, blood-testis, and blood-placenta barrier, causing damage to the corresponding tissues. Fluorosis has become a public health problem in some countries or regions around the world. Understanding the pathogenesis of fluorosis is very important. Although the exact mechanism of fluorosis has not been fully elucidated, various mechanisms of fluoride-induced toxicity have been proposed. In this chapter, we will introduce the research progress of the mechanism of fluorosis, focusing on dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, nervous and reproductive system toxicity, and influential factors related to fluoride toxicity (i.e., genetic background, co-exposure with other element). In addition, the application of proteomics and metabolomics in the study of the pathogenesis of fluorosis is also introduced. Currently, there is still no specific treatment for fluorosis. However, since fluorosis is caused by excessive intake of fluoride, avoiding excessive fluoride intake is the critical measure to prevent the disease. In endemic regions, health education and supplement diet with vitamins C, D and E, and calcium and antioxidant compounds are important.

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“…Both As and F can cross the blood‐brain barrier and affect learning and memory ability (Jiang et al, ). The coexistence of As and F in many areas of the present world have been reported, i.e., Asia (India, China, Japan, Korea and Pakistan) (Dutta, ; US NRC, ), Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria and Tanzania) (Mahlangu et al, ; Yang et al, ) and Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Mexico) (Alarcón‐Herrera et al, ; González‐Horta et al, ). The individual toxic effects of As and F have already been established in the literature but a clear‐cut understanding on their combined toxicity has still been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update

Mondal

Chattopadhyay

2019

J of Applied Toxicology

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Environmental exposure to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) in the recent year has been increased because of excessive use of naturally contaminated ground water.Surface water is also regularly contaminated with these elements in various industrial areas. Arsenicosis and fluorosis upon individual exposure of As and F are reported in many studies. A syndrome of endemic As poisoning and fluorosis occurs during concurrent exposure of As and F. Previous reports showed synergistic, antagonistic and independent effects of these two compounds, although few recent reports also revealed antagonistic effects after co-exposure. Interaction during intestinal absorption and influence of F on As metabolism might be the cause of antagonism. The synergism/antagonism is thought to depend on the dose and duration of the co-exposure. However, the detailed mechanism is still not fully understood and needs further studies. Removal technologies of As and F from contaminated water is available but removal of such contaminants from food is yet to be developed. Antioxidants are useful to mitigate the toxic effects of As and F. This review focused on the effect of co-exposure, amelioration as well as removal techniques of As and F. K E Y W O R D Samelioration, arsenic, co-exposure, fluoride, mixture effect, removal technology

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A Concurrent Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride from Drinking Water in Chihuahua, Mexico

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Dental fluorosis, fluoride in urine, and nutritional status in adolescent students living in the rural areas of Guanajuato, Mexico

Dental fluorosis, fluoride in urine, and nutritional status in adolescent students living in the rural areas of Guanajuato, Mexico

Progressive Research in the Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Fluorosis

Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update

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