A conceptual model of volume-change controls on the hydrology of cutover peats

Kennedy, Gavin W.; Price, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.06.024

Cited by 100 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This could be a result of question around the suitability of levelling measurements made along transects at 42 × 20 m resolution to compare against a pixel size of approximately 100 m × 100 m. Any further validation campaign should adopt calibration and validation methods designed for measuring contiguous mapping (i.e., be randomly located) and consider intra-pixel deployment of levelling measurements. That said, however, peatland is predominantly water (typically about 95% in volume) and surface motion both short and long term is predominantly driven by changes in the mass of water within the peat body (e.g., [60]). Hydraulic continuity operates on scales of much greater than 100 m, the scale of mire units (mesotopes) and mire complexes (macrotopes) [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Peatland Condition Assessment via Surface Motion Monitoring Using the ISBAS DInSAR Technique over the Flow Country, Scotland

et al. 2018

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Satellite Earth Observation (EO) is often used as a cost-effective method to report on the condition of remote and inaccessible peatland areas. Current EO techniques are primarily limited to reporting on the vegetation classes and properties of the immediate peat surface using optical data, which can be used to infer peatland condition. Another useful indicator of peatland condition is that of surface motion, which has the potential to report on mass accumulation and loss of peat. Interferometic SAR (InSAR) techniques can provide this using data from space. However, the most common InSAR techniques for information extraction, such as Persistent Scatterers' Interferometry (PSI), have seen limited application over peat as they are primarily tuned to work in areas of high coherence (i.e., on hard, non-vegetated surfaces only). A new InSAR technique, called the Intermittent Small BAseline Subset (ISBAS) method, has been recently developed to provide measurements over vegetated areas from SAR data acquired by satellite sensors. This paper examines the feasibility of the ISBAS technique for monitoring long-term surface motion over peatland areas of the Flow Country, in the northeast of Scotland. In particular, the surface motions estimated are compared with ground data over a small forested area (namely the Bad a Cheo forest Reserve). Two sets of satellite SAR data are used: ERS C-band images, covering the period 1992-2000, and Sentinel-1 C-band images, covering the period 2015-2016. We show that the ISBAS measurements are able to identify surface motion over peatland areas, where subsidence is a consequence of known land cover/land use. In particular, the ISBAS products agree with the trend of surface motion, but there are uncertainties with their magnitude and direction (vertical). It is concluded that there is a potential for the ISBAS method to be able to report on trends in subsidence and uplift over peatland areas, and this paper suggests avenues for further investigation, but this requires a well-resourced validation campaign.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Peatland Condition Assessment via Surface Motion Monitoring Using the ISBAS DInSAR Technique over the Flow Country, Scotland

et al. 2018

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“…-Total porosity is:  T = 1-[(W 2 / t )/V] where  t is the peat density (here 2.2 according to Kennedy and Price, 2005).…”

Section: Field and Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ss term is defined as the amount of water that is expelled from aquifer storage due to compressibility of the soil matrix per unit change in head (Kennedy and Price, 2005), and is calculated as:…”

Section: Field and Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A water-table dependent reservoir model to investigate the effect of drought and vascular plant invasion on peatland hydrology

Binet

Gogo

Laggoun‐Défarge

2013

Journal of Hydrology

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To cite this version:Stéphane Binet, Sébastien Gogo, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge. A water-table dependent reservoir model to investigate the effect of drought and vascular plant invasion on peatland hydrology.. Journal of Hydrology, Elsevier, 2013, 499, pp.132-139. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013 calculating the stored water in effective porosity of the peat from precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets. Calculations conceptualize vascular plant consumption through a crop coefficient. Changes in water storage, located in the effective porosity of the peat, are described through a maximum infiltration rate and a maximum storage capacity. Water discharges take place in runoff and percolation reservoirs. The runoff coefficient is considered to be water table dependent.This model was tested on a peatland that has experienced strong water table fluctuations caused by summer drought and/or by vascular plant water consumption. A water table dependent runoff model appeared to be adequate to describe the water table fluctuations in peatland. From this model, vascular plants were found to increase the crop coefficient and to limit percolation through the peat. The high water table depth in winter was found to change with the year and is related to an equilibrium between slow infiltration in peat versus percolation plus evapotranspiration. In this disturbed peatland, even if overland flows occurred after a drought, the re-saturation of effective porosity was slow with about 30% of air trapped in the porosity 6 months after the drought period.The effects of drought on peat saturation were observed over more than a single hydrological cycle.This can affect the biogeochemical processes controlling the C cycle in peatland.

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“…Higher compressibility peat that can maintain saturation can attenuate variations in pore-water concentration of contaminants (Mouniemne and Price, 2007). The compressibility of peat diminishes with time, although expansion of pores by seasonal frost in the upper layer provides a significant degree of recovery (Kennedy and Price, 2005). Furthermore, re-activation of this property is important in restoring peatlands (Shantz and Price, 2006a).…”

Section: Groundwater and Peat Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Canadian Peatland Hydrology, 2003-2007

Waddington¹,

Quinton²,

Price³

et al. 2009

Canadian Water Resources Journal

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Abstract:Peatlands represent over 90% of Canadian wetlands and are the focus of considerable hydrological and biogeochemical research. Research on evapotranspiration (ET) has shown that it can exceed annual precipitation (P) where there are replenishing flood events. Evaporation from open water ponds in boreal peatlands exceeds ET from vegetated riparian zones by about two times, but surrounding forests can shelter small ponds by reducing turbulence. In an open bog, evaporation was modelled by separating the surface into vascular vegetation, hummock moss and hollow moss surfaces, and showed that vascular plants contribute 60-80% of ET, mosses making up the remainder with hummock mosses dominant over hollows. Runoff from peatlands is enhanced by features ranging from headwater swamps, ice-cored peat plateaus, patchy arctic wetlands and even sections of riverine peatlands. Groundwater fluxes can be quite erratic, and depend on transient properties of the peat that depend on moisture content (e.g., unsaturated hydraulic conductivity) to unsteady saturated hydraulic properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, specific yield) caused by peat compression and dilation associated with water storage changes. Surface elevation adjustments can result in a more stable depth to water table, increase evaporation losses, increase methane emission, and attenuate pore-water concentration of contaminants. Research on Canadian peatlands has also made significant methodological advances, including measurement of hydraulic properties of living mosses and peat pore-water and pore dimension characteristics. A considerable multi-annual effort has also been made in evaluating carbon dynamics from Canadian peatlands. Summer moisture availability is important to determining carbon fluxes with some peatlands experiencing enhanced productivity following drought (water table drawdown). Sudden changes in water table elevation promote DOC production and export. Methane bubbles confound hydraulic gradients and flows by creating local pockets of pressure, which are then released episodically when the entrapped gas reaches a threshold content. Canadian peatland hydrology continues to be actively researched in lab, field and modelling studies.

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A conceptual model of volume-change controls on the hydrology of cutover peats

Cited by 100 publications

References 29 publications

Long-Term Peatland Condition Assessment via Surface Motion Monitoring Using the ISBAS DInSAR Technique over the Flow Country, Scotland

Long-Term Peatland Condition Assessment via Surface Motion Monitoring Using the ISBAS DInSAR Technique over the Flow Country, Scotland

A water-table dependent reservoir model to investigate the effect of drought and vascular plant invasion on peatland hydrology

Advances in Canadian Peatland Hydrology, 2003-2007

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